A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali)

122 3 Phonology (95) Derivation of PerfP -aexbabas-t '(hole) gape' (T-ka dialect) /-xvbubu-t/ underlying /-axababas-t/ various e ...

3.4 Ablaut 123 derivation (95), namely syncope of a second-syllable schwa accompanied by switch of a stem-initial schwa to ae. H ...

124 3 Phonology (97) Perfective Verb (Surface Melody, no Stem-Initial Syncope) lexical form PerfP a. underived heavy (middlewei ...

3.4 Ablaut 125 As noted above, we often get perfective ο (for expected e) corresponding to lexical i. Moreover, the light stems ...

126 3 Phonology is within the domain of Melodic Association. For other dialects (K-d, R, T-md) the situation is more complex, an ...

3.4 Ablaut 127 Syncope: i-mlswliw-aen. Likewise, Prefix Reduction (either of Sg a- to "ae- or V, or of PI i- to V) likewise has ...

128 3 Phonology (102) Stem-Initial V-Insertion and C,-Gemination. gloss Imprt Shlmpf a. -CvCCvCCvC- ' stumble' jaertaettaef -aej ...

3.4 Ablaut 129 (103) Q-Gemination In a heavy C-initial verb, after Stem-Initial V-Insertion, if Stem-Initial Syncope has failed ...

130 3 Phonology 3.4.8.2 Onsets of causative and mediopassive verbs Causative verbs (§8.1) have some special features. The perfec ...

3.4 Ablaut 131 Reciprocal prefix -nvm-, which itself is always followed by a vowel, is always conducive to Stem-Initial Syncope, ...

132 3 Phonology c. 'sag' (-bvkvwkvw-) Shlmpf VblN PerfP Imprt bakawkaw -abkswkaw- a-bkawkaw -aebkaewkaew- -bsekaewkaew- bakswkaw ...

3.4 Ablaut 133 b. 'hawk (wares)' (-s-vtvj-) PerfP -aes-taej- Imprt s-ataj Shlmpf -s-ataj- VblN a-s-ataj -ass-ataeg- s-atag -s-at ...

134 3 Phonology vacillated between a-s-sCsC and ά-s-CaC for the VblN's. Thjs speaker gave both ά-s-daw (ΡΠ-s-diw-asn) and a-s-ad ...

3.4 Ablaut 135 application of Default Accentuation, so there is no accentual trace of the deleted suffixal /EC/. The output e is ...

136 3 Phonology (110) PerfP Participles of 'eat' a. Vksae-n MaSg (V-initial suffix) b. t-aksae-t FeSg (V-initial suffix) c. aksa ...

3.4 Ablaut 137 formative is present. Example: 0-osae-\dd 'he came (arrived here)'. However, since the Centripetal clitic begins ...

138 3 Phonology Unlike the case with non-augment verbs, with augment verbs the shortening also applies to high V's {i u}, which ...

3.4 Ablaut 139 3.4.9.3 Medial V-Shortening and u-Spreading These processes apply to long imperfectives, and in some cases to sho ...

140 3 Phonology with i in the relevant position. The verb -jujju- 'load' has PerfP -ajjujja- showing an unreduced medial u. Its ...

3.4 Ablaut 141 paradigm, the -t- shortens the stem-final V). The forms without -t- end up with u, as the stem-final and suffix-i ...