The History Book

79 See also: The founding of Baghdad 86–93 ■ The fall of Jerusalem 106–07 ■ Mansa Musa’s hajj to Mecca 110–11 ■ The Arab advance ...

80 years violence had broken out between the established powers there and Muhammad’s supporters. Muhammad outmaneuvered the Qura ...

81 Islamic society The newly conquered lands became part of an Islamic caliphate. Many of its inhabitants converted, while those ...

82 A LEADER IN WHOSE SHADOW THE CHRISTIAN NATION IS AT PEACE THE CROWNING OF CHARLEMAGNE (800) O n Christmas Day, 800 an extraor ...

83 See also: The Battle of Milvian Bridge 66–67 ■ The Sack of Rome 68–69 ■ Belisarius retakes Rome 76–77 ■ The Investiture Contr ...

84 THE RULER IS WEALTHY BUT THE STATE IS DESTROYED THE AN LUSHAN REVOLT ( 756 ce) relative political stability, and economic gro ...

85 An Lushan’s rebels conquered and occupied Chang’an, but the general himself remained in Luoyang, where he was later assassina ...

A SURGE IN SPIRIT AND AN AWAKENING IN INTELLIGENCE THE FOUNDING OF BAGHDAD (762) US_086-093_Harun_al_Rashid.indd 86 15/02/2016 1 ...

A SURGE IN SPIRIT AND AN AWAKENING IN INTELLIGENCE THE FOUNDING OF BAGHDAD (762) US_086-093_Harun_al_Rashid.indd 87 15/02/2016 1 ...

88 dropping brass balls onto cymbals at the mechanism’s base. This sophisticated timepiece was just one of the advances the Arab ...

89 Great in the 6th century bce. The heart of the new capital was a mile- wide, circular enclosure in which sat the caliphal pal ...

90 also acted as an academy for scholars and a center for the translation of key scientific works into Arabic. Among its leading ...

91 early Abbasids), and brought with them India’s relatively advanced mathematics, including the use of trigonometry to help sol ...

92 a refugee Umayyad prince who had escaped the Abbasid revolution, became a magnet for scholars from the East, and its librarie ...

93 translated many Arabic texts into Latin, including works on mathematics, medicine, and philosophy. Western Europe now had acc ...

94 The ravages of heathen men miserably destroyed God’s church on Lindisfarne with plunder and slaughter. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle ...

95 See also: The Sack of Rome 68–69 ■ Belisarius retakes Rome 76–77 ■ The crowning of Charlemagne 82–83 ■ Alfred rules Wessex 13 ...

96 THE ROMAN CHURCH HAS NEVER ERRED THE INVESTITURE CONTROVERSY (1078) F or three days in 1078, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV ...

97 Henry was refused entry when at last his long trek across the Alps brought him to the castle gates. Only after three days’ pe ...

98 A MAN DESTINED TO BECOME MASTER OF THE STATE MINAMOTO YORITOMO BECOMES SHOGUN (1192) W hen in 1192 the Japanese clan leader M ...