The Science Book

A PARADIGM SHIFT 259 positive overall charge; the chlorine atom has gained an electron and has a negative charge. The ions are h ...

AN AWESOME POWER IS LOCKED INSIDE THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER (1904 –1967) ...

...

262 J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER I n 1938, the world stood at the threshold of the atomic age. One man would step forward to lead the s ...

A PARADIGM SHIFT 263 but instead of creating heavier elements by neutron absorption, or lighter elements by emission of one or m ...

264 J. ROBERT OPPENHEIMER saw the potential for making a weapon of awesome power—to his mind “a good, honest, practical way” to ...

A PARADIGM SHIFT 265 nuclear reactor technology. On December 2, 1942, the very first controlled chain reaction involving nuclear ...

FUNDAME BUILDIN BLOCKS 1945 –PRESENT ...

NTAL G ...

268 T he second half of the 20th century saw rapidly improving technology being employed in almost every field of science, from ...

269 project, had created artificial life by planning its DNA on his computer. In Scotland, after many setbacks, Ian Wilmut and c ...

270 See also: Marie Curie 190–95 ■ Albert Einstein 214–21 ■ Ernest Rutherford 206–13 ■ Georges Lemaître 242–45 ■ Fritz Zwicky 25 ...

271 See also: Gregor Mendel 166–71 ■ Thomas Hunt Morgan 224–25 ■ James Watson and Francis Crick 276–83 ■ Michael Syvanen 318–19 ...

272 THE STRANGE THEORY OF LIGHT AND MATTER RICHARD FEYNMAN (1918–1988) O ne of the questions to arise from the quantum mechanics ...

FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCKS 273 Summing probabilities In 1947, German physicist Hans Bethe suggested a way of fixing the equatio ...

274 LIFE IS NOT A MIRACLE HAROLD UREY (1893–1981) STANLEY MILLER (1930–2007) IN CONTEXT BRANCH Chemistry BEFORE 1871 Charles Dar ...

FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCKS 275 Recreating Earth’s early atmosphere In 1953, Urey and Miller carried out the first prolonged exp ...

WE WISH TO SUGGEST A STRUCTURE FOR THE SALT OF DEOXYRIBOSE NUCLEIC ACID ( DNA ) JAMES WATSON (1928 –) FRANCIS CRICK (1916 –2004) ...

...

278 JAMES WATSON AND FRANCIS CRICK I n April 1953, the answer to a fundamental mystery about living organisms appeared in a shor ...