Khazaria in the 9th and 10th Centuries

44 CHAPTER 1 could have been adopted in Khazaria from the Caucasian Christian tradi- tion. The close links between Caucasian Alb ...

The Ideology Of The Ninth And Tenth Centuries 45 later, the Egyptian scholar Al-Qalqashandi (1355–1418) associated the land of t ...

46 CHAPTER 1 culture hero Rostam, who was the son of Turk. During the tenth century, Afrasiab was perceived as the leader (primo ...

The Ideology Of The Ninth And Tenth Centuries 47 Actually, the term “Turk” lost its ethnic meaning after the Arabs conquered mos ...

48 CHAPTER 1 Scientists have varying opinions on whether Joseph was a khagan or a bek (king) of Khazaria. Joseph himself calls h ...

The Ideology Of The Ninth And Tenth Centuries 49 sovereignty of the bek is entirely derived from Arabo-Persian sources from the ...

50 CHAPTER 1 that they did not have a sacral king. Therefore, the sacral kingship should not necessary lead to a model that requ ...

The Ideology Of The Ninth And Tenth Centuries 51 According to the information found in Eastern sources from the tenth century, K ...

52 CHAPTER 1 The direct link between the Khazar government system and the Turkic one is also based on the notion that the Khazar ...

The Ideology Of The Ninth And Tenth Centuries 53 mentioned in Hudud al-ʿAlam (another possibility is Isha-Ishad-Shad), accepts i ...

54 CHAPTER 1 the link to Togarmah. As stated earlier, the notion of the primogenitor (Noah, Fereydun, Targitaus) suggests the ex ...

The Ideology Of The Ninth And Tenth Centuries 55 Khazar dynasty, this old phantom of Khazarology, is losing its last claims to a ...

56 CHAPTER 1 Judaization of Khazaria.166 According to M. Artamonov, the destruction of the Tsimliansk hillfort, considered the c ...

The Ideology Of The Ninth And Tenth Centuries 57 from the first half of the eighth century. It was then that the co-ruler of the ...

58 CHAPTER 1 The common view is that during the ninth century and especially during the tenth century, Khazaria went through a t ...

The Ideology Of The Ninth And Tenth Centuries 59 The later works of R. Kovalev are of particular significance for the clarifica- ...

60 CHAPTER 1 Khazar shad changed his title. The account of Constantine Porphyrogenitus that mentions the khagan and pekh of Khaz ...

The Ideology Of The Ninth And Tenth Centuries 61 al-ʿAlam, as Isha (Shad) is as unlikely as interpreting it as Ashina.185 And ye ...

62 CHAPTER 1 them and the ruling khagans. This brings the tarkhans from the inscription of Mojilian Khagan closer to the Turkic ...

The Ideology Of The Ninth And Tenth Centuries 63 We owe to Al-Yaqubi one of the accounts about a Khazar king with the title of t ...