A History of Ottoman Political Thought Up to the Early Nineteenth Century

The Eighteenth Century: the Westernizers 409 Austrian army. He somewhat misleadingly describes the Austrian measure of sending h ...

410 chapter 9 Ottoman policy a new emphasis on peace abroad and on the pursuit of prosperity at home. Although he is generally v ...

The Eighteenth Century: the Westernizers 411 after an elementary religious education, be trained by Prussian officers in the Eur ...

412 chapter 9 of foreign advisors, as in the past under Baron de Tott. This should be done gradually and, preferably, in provinc ...

The Eighteenth Century: the Westernizers 413 Raşid Efendi praises the old system of janissaries, with their recruitment from the ...

414 chapter 9 2.1 For or against Reform? “Sekbanbaşı” and Kuşmanî’s Libels Once the Nizam-i Cedid corps was created, the reactio ...

The Eighteenth Century: the Westernizers 415 composed c. 1804.67 The authorship of this essay has been disputed; by his own acco ...

416 chapter 9 est quarter” to write a simple-styled essay rebutting the calumnies circulated by such people. If Sekbanbaşı’s cri ...

The Eighteenth Century: the Westernizers 417 seek to destroy them, and thus those states that take no precautions end up being d ...

418 chapter 9 into the janissaries’ ranks to corrupt them.73 These spies incited the soldiers to seek comfort and to care only f ...

The Eighteenth Century: the Westernizers 419 other trades and constant military drilling, and managed to make their own armies i ...

420 chapter 9 When Kuşmani turns to the issue of training, his argument is closer to the reciprocity principle.75 Nothing can be ...

The Eighteenth Century: the Westernizers 421 Thus, the continuity between the more traditional ideas discussed in chapter 8 and ...

422 chapter 9 uncompromising factions is evident in these works. The invective launched against the janissaries by Sekbanbaşı an ...

The Eighteenth Century: the Westernizers 423 reputation—on the fact that this innovation was actually an imitation of the infide ...

424 chapter 9 length with the special revenues allocated to the Nizam-i Cedid (W287–294), and particularly criticizes the life-l ...

The Eighteenth Century: the Westernizers 425 3 The Last Round: from Selim III to Mahmud II Until 1826, it seemed that the genera ...

426 chapter 9 onwards, although during the course of the eighteenth century the emphasis seems to have shifted from the stage th ...

The Eighteenth Century: the Westernizers 427 that kings are “human beings like us”.92 The historian Câbî Ömer Efendi gives a rat ...

428 chapter 9 the religious or legal connotations that once dominated them.96 On the other hand, Hakan Erdem has argued convinci ...