God’s Playground. A History of Poland, Vol. 1. The Origins to 1795
250 ANARCHIA that point on, the nobles of each province met together at frequent intervals to conduct their own political and le ...
THE NOBLE DEMOCRACY 251 vengeance. His brothers, Krzysztof and Jan, members of a wild and powerful Protestant clan, were prepari ...
252 ANARCHIA disrupt the Diets ... we, as loyal subjects commend our envoys before all else to express our sympathy to this Roya ...
THE NOBLE DEMOCRACY 253 We hereby commend their lordships, our envoys, to seek the bonum patriae in faith, hon- our, and conscie ...
254 ANARCHIA they were called 'extraordinary'. On the death of the king, the Sejm was auto- matically convoked by the Primate ac ...
THE NOBLE DEMOCRACY 255 as not, however, the workings of intuition failed to inspire unanimity. Scenes of unutterable confusion, ...
(^256) ANARCHIA officers, having taken a great deal of money from other candidates, say 'Wait! Have we gone mad?'. .. Pisarski a ...
THE NOBLE DEMOCRACY 257 rewards of executive office but also lifelong tenancies of rich Crown properties and monopolies. He spok ...
258 ANARCHIA problems of the day. Speaking in strict order of seniority, each senator presented his votum or 'opinion'. When it ...
PLATE I OUTPOST OF LATIN CHRISTENDOM (Left) Regina Poloniae (Queen of Poland)—The Black Madonna of Czestochowa (Below) The Epita ...
PLATE II THE END OF THE JAGIELLONS (Above) J. Simmler, The Death of Barbara Radziwill (1551) (Right) Anon., Anna Jagiellonka (15 ...
PLATE III THANKS BE TO GOD (Above) Anon., 'God and Corn will repay', The Vistula Grain Trade (Left) The Crown of the Law—Jewish ...
PLATE IV. THE UNION OF FREE PEOPLES J. Matejko, The Union of Lublin, 1569 B. Bellotto (Canaletro), Royal Election at Wola, 1764 ...
PLATE V. A POWER IN THE EAST J. Matejko, Stefan Bathory before Pskov, 1581 Gnihski's Embassy to the Porte, 1677 (miniature) ...
PLATE VI THE NOBLES' PARADISE (Right) Anon., Sebastian Lubomirski, 1536-1613 (Far right) Anon., Katarzyna Ostrogska, nee Lubomir ...
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PLATE VIII. RESISTANCE AND DESPAIR J. Chetmoriski, 'Casimir Pulaski at Czestochowa, 1771' J. Matejko, 'Rejtan', 1773 ...
THE NOBLE DEMOCRACY 259 concluded with the singing of a Te Deum in the cathedral, the payment of mem- bers' expenses by the Trea ...
(^260) ANARCHIA towns of Wielkopolska formed a confederation to rid themselves of outlaws who were infesting the province. In 13 ...
THE NOBLE DEMOCRACY 261 dominium which his enemies feared. But his narrow, Catholic piety and his blatant indifference to the pu ...
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