God’s Playground. A History of Poland, Vol. 1. The Origins to 1795

382 WETTIN Leipzig, Salomon Reimer, recorded the first performance on 5 October 1734, beneath the Elector-King's open window on ...

THE SAXON ERA 383 went as they pleased. He surrendered all active participation in Polish business to his ministers, especially ...

384 WETTIN large numbers of his countrymen to the schools and enterprises of his Duchy. He was the author of Glos wolny wolnosc ...

THE SAXON ERA 385 packing cases to St. Petersburg where in due course it was joined by half a mil- lion more volumes taken from ...

18 AGONIA: The End of the Russian Protectorate (1764-1795) The partitioning of Poland, effected in three stages in 1773,1793, an ...

THE END OF THE RUSSIAN PROTECTORATE 387 Map 22. The Partitions of Poland, (1773-95) the promise of French gold or by the threat ...

388 AGONIA inexpensively. It is the simple truth that Poland's weakness suited the purposes of her neighbours most conveniently. ...

THE END OF THE RUSSIAN PROTECTORATE 389 on the other hand, were more cautious. Panin, Catherine's principal adviser on foreign a ...

390 AGONIA throne of All-the-Russias after the murder of her husband, Peter III, was the daughter of a Prussian Field Marshal. S ...

THE END OF THE RUSSIAN PROTECTORATE 391 instituted the Corps of Cadets under Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, as the ker- nel of mili ...

392 AGONIA cornered. Her moment of satisfaction soon passed. She had not counted on the Poles, or the Turks, or on Frederick of ...

THE END OF THE RUSSIAN PROTECTORATE 393 more than they deserved. Had she not guaranteed their 'Golden Freedom'? Had she not cham ...

394 AGONIA ...

THE END OF THE RUSSIAN PROTECTORATE 395 The Poles were required to submit to their treatment in the most proper way possible. On ...

AGONIA world. It is a marvellous technique which Catherine II was destined to master in her own right, and which aspiring tyrant ...

THE END OF THE RUSSIAN PROTECTORATE 397 'protection', there was no shortage of citizens who made their careers by work- ing in t ...

398 AGONIA accidents of foreign policy whose chance occurrence interrupted the progress of internal reform. The Partitions were ...

THE END OF THE RUSSIAN PROTECTORATE 399 In 1787, learning of Russia's international troubles, Stanislaw-August tried to exploit ...

400 AGON1A movement could provoke incalculable consequences, the Republic's only chance of survival had been to stand absolutely ...

THE END OF THE RUSSIAN PROTECTORATE 401 economic, and political evils of his day. Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz (1757-1841), dramatist ...