God’s Playground. A History of Poland, Vol. 1. The Origins to 1795
282 ANARCHIA The political game as played in Poland-Lithuania was of a very special type. The absence of chains of command radia ...
THE NOBLE DEMOCRACY 283 cherished by the szlachta from a precocious interest in progressive political theory, rather than from t ...
11 SERENISSIMA: Diplomacy in Poland-Lithuania It may be debatable whether Jan Dantiscus (1485—1548) or 'Dantyszek', was the firs ...
DIPLOMACY IN POLAND-LITHUANIA 285 many offensive things about the French, and complained of their perfidy ... Then I asked and e ...
286 SERENISSIMA In Dantyszek's time, Poland was approaching the zenith of its political influence. His master, Sigismund I (1506 ...
DIPLOMACY IN POLAND-LITHUANIA 287 courtiers as opposed to state officials, pressed the king's dynastic claims to the Swedish thr ...
288 SERENISSIMA relations with particular countries or regions, and were authorized to observe the proceedings of the Senate and ...
DIPLOMACY IN POLAND-LITHUANIA 289 been Joachim Strasz. The Poles frequently employed Armenians. In 1602, a Polish envoy to Persi ...
290 SERENISSIMA ambassador's remark about ciphers being unnecessary 'because we have noth- ing to hide'. A century later, in 168 ...
DIPLOMACY IN POLAND-LITHUANIA 291 missions were welcomed by the Marshal, to underline the supremacy of the state over the Court. ...
292 SERENISSIMA crowned heads, who in turn preceded the representatives of electors, princes, dukes, and republics. The Republic ...
DIPLOMACY IN POLAND-LITHUANIA 293 protest, as a device for invalidating the investiture if the terms of acceptance were avoided. ...
294 SERENISSIMA entertained first by the killing of a boyar who had dared to precede him up the stairs of the antechamber, and t ...
DIPLOMACY IN POLAND-LITHUANIA 295 sign of change came in 1671 when a Muscovite envoy made his entry into Warsaw in the King's ca ...
296 SERENISSIMA military measures to contain the Muscovite invasion, those 21 / 2 millions lavished on the Crimea represented go ...
DIPLOMACY IN POLAND-LITHUANIA 297 that a diplomat's word is his bond, and that treaties are made to be respected. He puts loyalt ...
298 SERENISSIMA and were seizing all the Spanish ships which tried to trade with Danzig. Dzialynski's task was to persuade the P ...
DIPLOMACY IN POLAND-LITHUANIA 299 Sweden in a fleet of ships impressed from the English merchants of Elbing. He was all set to j ...
300 SERENISSIMA idle, waiting for an audience with the Grand Vizier, Kara Mustafa, and eventu- ally with the Sultan. He found th ...
DIPLOMACY IN POLAND-LITHUANIA 301 ladder as Bishop successively of Tina (Dalmatia), of Csanad in the Banat, and of Pecs. In 1563 ...
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