God’s Playground. A History of Poland, Vol. 1. The Origins to 1795

342 VASA bullets... He caused immense slaughter, killing Count Horn, a notable military engin- eer, with his own hand... Yet Jas ...

THE SWEDISH CONNECTION 343 Transylvanian imitators routed. In 1658-9, Czarniecki was free to attack Sweden from the Danish bases ...

344 VASA Unfortunately, the Time of Troubles in Muscovy is best known to the outside world in caricatures deriving from Russian ...

THE SWEDISH CONNECTION 345 expedition moved off in the autumn of 1609 under the command of the reluc- tant Zolkiewski. Its one p ...

346 VASA So Moscow burned, with much bloodshed and incalculable loss, for it was a large and rich city of great circumference. I ...

THE SWEDISH CONNECTION 347 to view their Grand Duchy as an 'Empire of Russia' were rapidly gaining real substance. Concurrent to ...

348 VASA Under the Ottoman bunchuk with its crescent moon, He blazed like a comet between the stars... Beside the janissaries, t ...

THE SWEDISH CONNECTION 349 Friedrich Wilhelm (1620-88), the Great Elector, could rise above mere provin- cial distinction. Thrus ...

Map 19. The Deluge - the invasions of Poland-Lithuania, 1648-67 ...

THE SWEDISH CONNECTION 351 (1635) with Sweden, settled the main outstanding conflicts. The Vistula Trade flourished. Religious d ...

352 VASA years of The Deluge. Towards the end of the decade, Poland's military fortunes revived. In May 1660 all fighting in the ...

THE SWEDISH CONNECTION 353 Chmielnicki's role to that of an angry passer-by who happened to blunder into the already tottering s ...

354 VASA discomfiture he had so conspicuously contributed. This Republic, with its fine ideals of unanimity and personal freedom ...

15 MICHAL: The Austrian Candidate (1669-1673) The Wisniowiecki (Vyshnyevyetskyy), the 'Lords of Cherry Village', possessed one o ...

356 MICHAL After the singing of the Te Deum before the miraculous icon of Our Lady and to the strains of an orchestra, the young ...

16 SOBIESKI: Terror of the Turk (1674-1696) 'Sobieski' is one of the very few names from Polish History to be widely known in th ...

358 SOBIESKI occurred on the day following the King's death. Three months later, he entered Warsaw in triumph in the middle of t ...

TERROR OF THE TURK 359 confidante of his deepest thoughts, the inspiration of his prowess. Yet to the end, she exercised the rig ...

(^360) SOBIESKI of magnates from the south-eastern provinces whose interests, training, and atti- tudes were quite distinct. Esp ...

TERROR OF THE TURK 361 force of heavy Hussars - Sobieski's favourite department, and the agent of all his greatest victories. Th ...