Encyclopedia of the Renaissance and the Reformation

was the subject of an earlier tragedy (the socalled Ur- Hamlet), now lost, possibly by Thomas KYD. The play con- tains melodrama ...

1806; subsequently they ruled as emperors of Austria until 1918. Further reading: I. A. A. Thompson, War and Govern- ment in Hab ...

nized a connection between the beating heart and the blood flowing through it, his interest having been quick- ened by Fabricius ...

ued to suspect such a motive behind Christian interest in Hebrew texts during the Renaissance, with the result that Jewish teach ...

ERASMUSand ADRIAN VI. Hegius produced a number of works which were published posthumously but his im- portance rests more on his ...

CHARLES Vin exchange for the freedom to take Verdun, Metz, and Toul. Despite successes by Francis of Guise, in- cluding the capt ...

university (1540) and the refoundation of Wolsey’s unfin- ished Cardinal College at Oxford as Christ Church (1546). In the early ...

Hercules (Greek Heracles, Herakles) The greatest of the heroes of ancient mythology, who played a leading role in a number of my ...

systematic body of ancient wisdom that supported their animism. Giordano BRUNOis a striking example of the in- fluence of hermet ...

Hervetus, Gentian (Gentien Hervet) (1499–1584) French scholar and humanist He came from a poor family near Orleans and had to ea ...

of his magnum opus in 1601. In Holland GROTIUS, who had served his scholarly apprenticeship on the study of classi- cal history ...

out of favor at court, Holbein won the patronage of the German merchants of the Steelyard, producing for them many portraits of ...

several such alliances. Pope JULIUS IIinspired the Holy League (1511–13) of the papacy, Venice, Spain, England, and Emperor MAXI ...

the lyrical passages of his plays such as the pastoral Granida (1605), which is influenced by Jacopo SAN- NAZARO. After studying ...

entific use with the development of the pendulum clock in the late 17th century. See also: WATCHES Further reading: Gerhard Horn ...

Hospitalers See KNIGHTS HOSPITALER Hothby, John (c. 1410–1487) English music theorist and composer Hothby was a Carmelite monk w ...

had the merit of proving to the European trading compa- nies that neither the northeast nor the northwest passage could afford e ...

its features have mainly historical interest today. But the central belief of the early humanists that the human per- sonality i ...

Huss (1415) and Jerome of Prague (1416) igniting an in- tense nationalism in all sections of Czech society. The Bo- hemian Lände ...

sophisticated mathematics than was available to the Re- naissance. Further reading: Denis Cosgrove et al, Water, Engi- neering a ...