Gardners Art through the Ages A Global History

Rome, helped disseminate Caravaggio’s style throughout the penin- sula (see “The Letters of Artemisia Gentileschi,” above). In h ...

an intelligent interpretation of the Renaissance master’s style. Reni, consistent with the precepts of the Bolognese academy, al ...

in particular). The iconographic program for this fresco, designed by the poet Francesco Bracciolini (1566–1645), centered on th ...

Triumph of the Name of Jesus (FIG. 24-23) in the nave of Il Gesù (FIGS. 22-55and 22-56) in Rome vividly demonstrates the dra- ma ...

areas of the New World (see Chapters 23 and 32). By the beginning of the 17th century, however, the Habsburg Empire was struggli ...

Caravaggio, Ribera made naturalism and compelling drama primary ingredients of his paintings, which often embraced brutal themes ...

portraits (FIG. 24-28) and canvases recording historical events. In 1635 he painted Surrender of Breda (FIG. 24-29) as part of a ...

maids-in-waiting, her favorite dwarfs, and a large dog. In the middle ground are a woman in widow’s attire and a male escort. In ...

Las Meninasis extraordinarily complex visually. Velázquez’s op- tical report of the event, authentic in every detail, pictoriall ...

ITALY ❚Art historians call the art of 17th-century Italy and Spain “Baroque,” a term that probably derives from the Portuguese w ...

25-1Jan Vermeer,Allegory of the Art of Painting,1670–1675. Oil on canvas, 4 4  3  8 . Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. Dut ...

D uring the 17th and early 18th centuries, numerous geopolitical shifts occurred in Europe as the for- tunes of the individual c ...

became popular beverages during the early 17th century. Equally ex- plosive was the growth of sugar use. Sugar, tobacco, and ric ...

also won the confidence of his royal patrons in matters of state, and they often entrusted him with diplomatic missions of the h ...

MARIE DE’ MEDICIRubens’s interaction with royalty and aristo- crats provided him with an under- standing of the ostentation and ...

I n the ancient and medieval worlds, artists rarely wrote commen- taries on the works they produced. Beginning with the Renais- ...

25-5Anthony Van Dyck,Charles I Dismounted,ca. 1635. Oil on canvas, 8 11  6  11 –^12 . Louvre, Paris. Van Dyck specialized i ...

power in ways other than physical. Van Dyck’s elegant style re- sounded in English portrait painting well into the 19th century. ...

MERCANTILIST PATRONAGE Given the absence of an au- thoritative ruler and the Calvinist concern for the potential misuse of relig ...

trements—to convey a sense of the sitter. Because the subject was usually someone of status or note, such as a pope, king, duche ...