A History of Latin America

64 CHAPTER 3 THE CONQUEST OF AMERICA with their king. This pleading was part of Moctezu- ma’s pathetic strategy of plying Cortés ...

THE CONQUEST OF MEXICO 65 battle the superiority of their weapons and their fi ghting capacity before they obtained an alliance ...

66 CHAPTER 3 THE CONQUEST OF AMERICA richest towns and provinces. The crown rewarded his services by granting him the title of m ...

THE CONQUEST OF PERU 67 his soldiers, supported by cavalry and artillery, rushed forward to kill hundreds and take the Inca pris ...

68 CHAPTER 3 THE CONQUEST OF AMERICA poverty and supposed wrongs. Twelve of them, contemptuously dubbed by Pizarro’s secretary “ ...

THE QUEST FOR EL DORADO 69 these great empires. At least four other factors con- tributed to that outcome: Spanish fi rearms an ...

70 CHAPTER 3 THE CONQUEST OF AMERICA inspired the conquistador Hernando de Soto, a vet- eran of the conquest of Peru, to try his ...

THE QUEST FOR EL DORADO 71 FRUSTRATIONS IN SOUTH AMERICA The golden will-o’-the-wisp that lured Spanish knights into the deserts ...

72 CHAPTER 3 THE CONQUEST OF AMERICA of this type contributed more than their share of the atrocities that stained the Spanish C ...

THE QUEST FOR EL DORADO 73 son that Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca learned in the course of his immense eight-year trek from the gul ...

74 CHAPTER 3 THE CONQUEST OF AMERICA LOPE DE AGUIRRE—AN UNDERDOG OF THE CONQUEST That confl ict was a major ingredient in the de ...

THE QUEST FOR EL DORADO 75 in all directions, and overwhelming royal forces were moving against him. His small army, already muc ...

FOCUS QUESTIONS What was Spain’s policy on indigenous peoples, and how did it affect the colonial economy and political confl i ...

TRIBUTE AND LABOR IN THE SPANISH COLONIES 77 tion with the doctrinal foundations of its policy. What was the nature of the indíg ...

78 CHAPTER 4 THE ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF COLONIAL LIFE Bartolomé de Las Casas, the former encomen- dero who had repented of his ...

TRIBUTE AND LABOR IN THE SPANISH COLONIES 79 because “God created the Indians free and not sub- ject.” Cortés, who had already a ...

80 CHAPTER 4 THE ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF COLONIAL LIFE perpetual. The heaviest blow of all to the encomen- dero class was the ca ...

TRIBUTE AND LABOR IN THE SPANISH COLONIES 81 mitaya, was established alongside the original one. Guaraní men who lived within a ...

82 CHAPTER 4 THE ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF COLONIAL LIFE (known as mingas) were employed at the Potosí mines in the seventeenth ce ...

THE COLONIAL ECONOMY 83 and Portuguese were accustomed to keeping black slaves, the beliefs that blacks were the descendants of ...