A History of Latin America

104 CHAPTER 5 STATE, CHURCH, AND SOCIETY to the Indies in the early years. But after mid- century, their number increased, and t ...

THE CHURCH IN THE INDIES 105 social conscience could still be found among both the secular and regular clergy. The missionary im ...

106 CHAPTER 5 STATE, CHURCH, AND SOCIETY affairs generally, and the belief that the Jesuit mis- sion system constituted a state ...

THE CHURCH IN THE INDIES 107 slavish respect for the authority of the Bible, Aristo- tle, the church fathers, and certain mediev ...

108 CHAPTER 5 STATE, CHURCH, AND SOCIETY Waman Puma states that he left his home “to know the needs of, and to redeem the poor I ...

THE CHURCH IN THE INDIES 109 Happened in Peru in 1598” was devoted to expos- ing Lima’s social ills, the wealth that fl aunted i ...

110 CHAPTER 5 STATE, CHURCH, AND SOCIETY irony, placing “conquerors, doctors, and pirates on the same plane for their part in ca ...

THE STRUCTURE OF CLASS AND CASTE 111 charge of baptismal certifi cates; it was also pos- sible for a wealthy mestizo or mulatto ...

112 CHAPTER 5 STATE, CHURCH, AND SOCIETY (small farmers) and formed part of the lower middle class of artisans, overseers, and s ...

THE STRUCTURE OF CLASS AND CASTE 113 rapid and general in Mexico than in Peru. Many Az- tec nobles lost their retainers through ...

114 CHAPTER 5 STATE, CHURCH, AND SOCIETY possess no individual property and are obliged to work the communal lands.... Forbidden ...

THE STRUCTURE OF CLASS AND CASTE 115 In Peru, Viceroy Francisco de Toledo imposed a structure of local government with two level ...

116 CHAPTER 5 STATE, CHURCH, AND SOCIETY to see them dead as a result of such great inhumanity. By the end of the eighteenth cen ...

THE STRUCTURE OF CLASS AND CASTE 117 cathedral, the governor’s palacio, and other pub- lic buildings. From this central square o ...

118 CHAPTER 5 STATE, CHURCH, AND SOCIETY Duels, assassinations, even pitched battles between different Spanish factions were eve ...

THE STRUCTURE OF CLASS AND CASTE 119 regarded a wealthy mulatto family as the equal of a wealthy Spanish family. “A mulatto or a ...

120 CHAPTER 5 STATE, CHURCH, AND SOCIETY but repression was not the whole reality, and that it did not wholly impair women’s abi ...

THE STRUCTURE OF CLASS AND CASTE 121 Despite these drawbacks, the convent rep- resented a heaven-sent opportunity for a young wo ...

FOCUS QUESTIONS What were the main features of the Portuguese colonial system, and how did it compare to the Spanish? How did t ...

THE BEGINNING OF COLONIAL BRAZIL 123 East, forced the king to assign to private individuals the major responsibility for the col ...