The Russian Empire 1450–1801

called tsar...who are crowned with the crown of chastity and draped in the purple robe of justice.”Eulogies to grand princes in ...

education, manliness, innovation, or worldly achievements. Implicitly, the purpose of political power is to lead one’s people to ...

1551 Stoglav Church Council depict Ivan IV asking the assembled hierarchs of the Church to“speak in unanimity...assist me, all o ...

consulted boyars in decision making. Respect was ceremonially marked in ban- quets, where grand princes personally distributed c ...

protect his people from injustice, punish evil, and render true justice. In Muscovy people energetically used the court system; ...

presented collective petitions about social injustice. They expected action and often received it; a wave of collective petition ...

literacy, texts were less important than visual media—art and physical embodiment in ritual and the built environment. Religious ...

and participants of such ritual is not recorded, but the intent of such rituals in all settings was“communicative.”Their impact ...

benevolence and piety; Muscovite rulers founded and patronized monasteries as they traversed their realms (Mozhaisk, 1563; Peres ...

monastic ensembles, as in the Khutinskii Monastery in Novgorod (1515), the Novodevichii Convent in Moscow (1524), and the Trinit ...

with a predominantly vertical, rather than horizontal, silhouette. In some cases their facades were more orderly than the“Moscow ...

painting, and architecture, they created a decorative Stroganov style borrowing from the Moscow and Naryshkin baroques. Survivin ...

Making a statement of imperial power in architecture as Russia moved westward in the late seventeenth century was more difficult ...

charismatic and untouchable. In Muscovy there were no written or legally binding traditions of participation by the people or el ...

internecine struggles and territorial splintering. Moscow, however, benefited from biological accident: from 1328 to 1425 a sole ...

Neutralizing collateral dynastic kin did not eliminate struggles around succession within the court elite, but there were relati ...

and mounted a public procession to beseech him to take the position. Only then did Boris, legitimized by mass consensus, take th ...

the Kremlin, Michael Romanov instituted the ritual, thereafter standard, of bring- ing the empire’s entire populace to swear an ...

Figure 6.8 An illustrated book of 1673 depicts the 1613 election and coronation of the new Romanov dynasty; here the thousands c ...

to produce a male heir, reignited tensions and by autumn boyar clans had read the handwriting on the wall. Avoiding violence, th ...