Atlas of Hispanic-American History

Vilella, was elected to succeed him, while Muñoz returned to the senate. The Question of Independence Even while Muñoz negotiate ...

Bootstrap included a program for building cementos, inexpensive cement houses that Puerto Ricans could buy for $300 each, with 2 ...

economic progress than most of their Latin American neighbors. Critics of the Operation Bootstrap policy had charged that the pr ...

land, ties renewed by the constant flow of migration back and forth. As new, most- ly unskilled immigrants, they tended to be po ...

spread unemployment I saw all around me in Puerto Rico, most people seemed to have work. This alone was enough to impress me.” P ...

victorious forces marched into Havana and took power. Castro claimed at first that his revo- lution was neither capitalist nor c ...

living, including their access to education and medical care, generally improved under Castro. But wealthy and middle- class Cub ...

New Jersey; Washington, D.C.; and New York City. The part of Miami where Cuban exiles concentrated, which became known as Little ...

John F. Kennedy canceled promised mili- tary support at the last minute. About 120 invaders were killed and 1,200 taken pris- on ...

destine anti-Castro campaign by the U.S. government. Although the explosives were removed from the British ship before detonatio ...

Balaguer, a longtime Trujillo associate, to step down and permit free elections to be held. In the elections of December 1962, J ...

CHANGES IN LATIN AMERICAN IMMIGRATION Until World War II, the vast majority of Hispanics in the United States were of Mexican de ...

from many parts of the Western Hemisphere began to take advantage of it. Statistics attested to the rising tide of immigration f ...

LA RAZA UNIDA 187 Immigration from South America, 1951–1970 ...

political instability had been a fact of life since independence, but the changing social conditions made the situation even mor ...

death and founded a dynasty to perpetu- ate it afterward; and Omar Torrijos Herrera (1929–1981), who ruled Panama from 1968 unti ...

of the 1950s and early 1960s and the numerous progressive and radical left movements of the late 1960s and early 1970s. But the ...

time could be shown. The Norris case had established a “rule of exclusion,” which had also been applied to other cases to prove ...

192 ATLAS OF HISPANIC-AMERICAN HISTORY 1942 U.S. and Mexican governments reach an agreement to allow Mexican migrant farmworkers ...

supply of nonunion labor. From 1965 to 1970, the union sponsored a strike demanding union recognition and higher wages from grow ...