Atlas of Hispanic-American History

With the aid of foreign money and expertise, railroad and telegraph lines were built; mining, textile, and other industries boom ...

forces he had unleashed. The scion of a wealthy landowning family, he was dedi- cated to liberal reforms, such as free elec- tio ...

Veracruz, depriving Huerta of arms sup- plies. Huerta fled into exile in 1914, and Carranza became president (1914–1920). Carran ...

out the promises of the Mexican Revolu- tion, which is generally regarded as having ended when he left office. Long before Cárde ...

permitting growers to ship fresh produce over long distances to cities with bur- geoning populations. Under these cir- cumstance ...

who have come more recently from Mexico. Anglo-Americans were even more prone to prejudice against the newcomers from Mexico. Me ...

WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH While the Mexican Revolution helped “push” Mexicans to the United States, World War I helped “pull ...

relationship of mistrust between the both legal and illegal Mexican immigrants and the government agency that was charged with e ...

services wasted. Despite the country’s large immigrant population, the army only slowly developed a training program designed to ...

still in progress, hundreds of thousands of Mexicans entered the United States in the 1920s. California alone had an annual incr ...

laws. The literacy test was rigidly applied, as were provisions against foreign recruit- ment of labor and against admission of ...

or electricity—and often with bread and beans as their only food. The work was largely seasonal and migratory. When one crop was ...

the 19th century, were cooperatives or collectives designed to provide security and cohesion in a difficult and sometimes hostil ...

(CUOM), founded in 1928, was notable for its broad aims, which included organ- ization of all Mexican-American workers and wage ...

World War I who had settled in the vicinity of where they had been based. Like later immigrants, Puerto Ricans on the mainland r ...

Cuban-influenced Latin rhythms have continued to pervade American music from the 1950s, when the mambo was very popular, to the ...

began with the collapse of the stock mar- ket on Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, affected all Americans. But it was partic- ula ...

on public works projects. Responding to encouragement from President Herbert Hoover’s administration, local govern- ment and pri ...

leave, forcing both Mexicans and Mexican Americans to prove that they were in the United States legally. Those who could not wer ...

sponsored farming colonies or not, life back in Mexico was very difficult for them, especially if they had been in the United St ...