Atlas of Hispanic-American History

gion!”; it may also have included “Death to the Spaniards!” Although he was creole and had some creole officers, Hidalgo’s was n ...

Independence swiftly followed for the region of Central America. The elites of the captaincy-general of Guatemala, which extende ...

down the Spanish flag, explained his peo- ple’s silence at the ceremony by saying: “They do not cheer because they are unused to ...

provinces and the rest of Mexico were ill defined. Under the Constitution of 1824, which followed the overthrow of Emperor Agust ...

Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. All were reconnoitered by American mountain men, whose home country was soon to absorb the entire r ...

good times, the herder could prosper by building up his own flock; in bad times, the herders fell into debt, unable to pay back ...

California’s economy in this period was based on the rancho, a huge cattle ranch run by a wealthy ranchero. In 1833, the Mexican ...

H ad Mexico been able to retain all of the territory it possessed upon winning independence, it would be more than twice as larg ...

ruled as a dictator, suppressing opposition newspapers and menacing political oppo- nents with military force. Numerous uprising ...

Simón Bolívar, splintered by 1831 into the sovereign nations of Venezuela, Ecuador, and New Granada. New Granada, which later be ...

where slavery was rare, but in principle it could have had a large impact on the Anglo-American southerners who had settled in T ...

forwarded it to Mexico City. Santa Anna, now heading Mexico for the first time, judged the letter treasonable and had Austin loc ...

Led by William Travis (1809–1836), a South Carolina lawyer who came to Texas in about 1832, the tiny force in the Alamo also inc ...

prisoners outside Goliad on March 27. By that time Texas was committed to seced- ing from Mexico altogether. On March 2, during ...

civil dissension and other troubles, including an invasion by France at Veracruz in 1838. In the first of many comebacks, Santa ...

these factors, the United States had a foreign policy stake in preventing other nations from acquiring California, partic- ularl ...

its chance to acquire the Lone Star Republic. On February 28, 1845, before Polk had been inaugurated, the U.S. Congress approved ...

MANIFEST DESTINY AND HISPANIC AMERICA 91 The U.S. Invasion of Mexico, 1846–1848 At the heart of the U.S.-Mexican War lay the dis ...

California, and the navy attacked California and blockaded both Mexican coasts. President Polk hoped these strate- gies alone wo ...

MANIFEST DESTINY AND HISPANIC AMERICA 93 The Bear Flag Revolt began on June 14, 1846, when Anglo settlers in Sonoma placed Mexic ...