Atlas of Hispanic-American History

better educational facilities and academ- ic courses on Mexican-American culture and history. That culture was enriched through ...

I n the waning years of the 20th centu- ry, Hispanic Americans were one of the country’s fastest growing minori- ties. By the ye ...

greater equality and political power. All this organizing had a measurable impact. During the 1970s, the number of Mexican Ameri ...

Illegal Immigration and the Mexican Economy The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 took action to control future ...

the border. The clients then crossed the border on foot and rendezvoused with a partner of the coyote at a prearranged spot, fro ...

Zapata Army of National Liberation arose in the Mexican state of Chiapas, partly in response to fears about NAFTA’s impact at ho ...

between Mexico and El Norte, “The North,” at least in the borderlands. On both sides, in cities close to the border, Spanish was ...

on bilingual education was routinely cut. While all Hispanic Americans are affected by the debate, the issue has affect- ed Mexi ...

DOMINICANS AND PUERTO RICANS The Spanish-speaking Caribbean—Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico—continued to be import ...

climbed even higher, to more than 40,000. An uncounted number immigrated illegal- ly. The total population of Dominican American ...

have helped, with new immigrants find- ing support in relations who had immi- grated earlier. Voluntary associations have also p ...

Puerto Ricans: Life on the Island At the end of the 20th century, Puerto Rico continued to be economically suc- cessful by the s ...

The Mariel Boatlift From 1973, Fidel Castro for the most part banned emigration from Cuba to the United States. But in 1980 the ...

aiming the anticommunist station Radio Martí at Cuba beginning in 1985. Immigration policy remained a sore point, with the Unite ...

several others had crowded into a motorboat that had capsized, killing Elian’s mother and 10 others and leaving Elian to float o ...

Dominican-American baseball players, who also came from a country with a strong baseball tradition. As the children and grandchi ...

with the FMLN, ending the civil war, which had killed about 75,000 Salvadorans. The FMLN laid down its arms and was converted in ...

lost to opposition leader Violeta Barrios de Chamorro. The other Hispanic nations of Central America—Costa Rica, Honduras, and P ...

refugees for moral and religious reasons, despite the threat of fines and imprison- ment. The U.S. government successfully prose ...

SOUTH AMERICANS IN THE UNITED STATES South Americans immigrated to the United States in great numbers in the last 25 years of th ...