Hidden Nature

Ultimately becoming a broad river, the increasing silt content makes the water flow more sluggishly and become more opaque. This ...

storage and transport through pipes (see Chapter 12). It is because modern hydrologists do not recognize the temperature gradien ...

oxygen becomes increasingly aggressive and instead of helping to build structures, pulls them apart, encouraging pathogenic dise ...

9. The Hydrological Cycle In the same way that blood flows through the arteries and veins of the human body, so does water throu ...

Fig. 9.1. The full hydrological cycle. The FULL CYCLE of water, is characterized by the following phases:^ Evaporation from ocea ...

elements. Rainfall generated from the forest will carry this beneficial influence. The ocean, although it is recharged by unders ...

those with almost none. This greatly disrupts weather patterns, with an increase in violent storms, hurricanes and serious flood ...

mally raise to the benefit of other plants sink below reach as the groundwater sinks. This is the cause of desertification, now ...

Fig. 9.3 a&b. Positive and negative temperature gradients: Fig. 9.3 a illustrates a positive temperature gradient — ground c ...

atoms. The hydrogen then rises because of its lower specific weight, and the oxygen sinks. That water becomes permanently lost. ...

Fig. 9.4. Asymmetric river development. The orientation of a river relative to the Sun's position affects the nutrient supply. W ...

fertilizers and pesticides, making it unhealthy in the lower reaches as a source of water. In the diagram (Fig. 9.4) opposite, t ...

10. The Formation of Springs Before the installation of public water networks, springs were the most valued or sometimes the onl ...

Fig. 10.1. Seepage spring. Seepage springs occur when water infiltrating the ground (positive temperature gradient) encountering ...

When the rationalism of the Enlightenment replaced the super- stitions of an earlier age, some explanation had to found for the ...

Fig. 10.2. True springs and high altitude aprings. These depend on the existence of the 39°F (+4°C) denser water level which is ...

are affected by geothermal heat. These are caused to expand, compressing the layers above. But the +4°C (39°F) stratum water is ...

HIDDEN NATURE ...

experiment is illustrated on p. 202 (Fig. 15.3), the experiment originally being designed to show how sap rises and falls in a t ...

11. Rivers and How They Flow If we understood the importance of water both for the environment and for life, we would nurture an ...