"Introduction". In: Fiber-Optic Communication Systems

302 CHAPTER 7. DISPERSION MANAGEMENT so thatγ(z)=γ(L−z)in Eq. (7.7.6). Optical amplification does not satisfy this prop- erty. O ...

7.7. OPTICAL PHASE CONJUGATION 303 Figure 7.14: Experimental setup for dispersion compensation through midspan spectral inver- s ...

304 CHAPTER 7. DISPERSION MANAGEMENT with the signal frequency. This feature follows from the relationωc=ωp 1 +ωp 2 −ωs, whereωp ...

7.8. LONG-HAUL LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS 305 power was kept below 3 mW to reduce the effects of fiber nonlinearity [95]. In an- other st ...

306 CHAPTER 7. DISPERSION MANAGEMENT Figure 7.15: Recirculating fiber loop used to demonstrate transmission of a 10-Gb/s signal ...

7.8. LONG-HAUL LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS 307 lightwave system. Figure 7.15 shows such a recirculating fiber loop schematically. It was u ...

308 CHAPTER 7. DISPERSION MANAGEMENT whereais the amplitude,Tis the width,Cis the chirp, andφis the phase. All four parameters v ...

7.8. LONG-HAUL LIGHTWAVE SYSTEMS 309 nonlinear systems. This observation has led to the adoption of the CRZ (chirped RZ) format ...

310 CHAPTER 7. DISPERSION MANAGEMENT played an important role, these experiments are thought to be making use of soliton propert ...

7.9. HIGH-CAPACITY SYSTEMS 311 7.9.1 Broadband Dispersion Compensation As discussed in Chapter 8, a WDM signal typically occupie ...

312 CHAPTER 7. DISPERSION MANAGEMENT Figure 7.16: Cascaded gratings used for dispersion compensation in a WDM system. (After Ref ...

7.9. HIGH-CAPACITY SYSTEMS 313 have been developed for which the signs of bothDandSare reversed compared with the conventional d ...

314 CHAPTER 7. DISPERSION MANAGEMENT (a) (b) Figure 7.17: (a) Reflection spectrum and (b) total GVD as a function of voltage for ...

7.9. HIGH-CAPACITY SYSTEMS 315 Figure 7.18: Receiver sensitivities measured in a 160-Gb/s experiment as a function of the preset ...

316 CHAPTER 7. DISPERSION MANAGEMENT Figure 7.19: Pulse shapes after a 2.6-ps input pulse propagated over 300 km of dispersion- ...

7.9. HIGH-CAPACITY SYSTEMS 317 slot is required for a RZ system making use of 1-ps pulses, transmission at bit rates as high as ...

318 CHAPTER 7. DISPERSION MANAGEMENT (a) (b) Figure 7.20: Schematic illustration of (a) optical and (b) electrical PMD compensat ...

7.9. HIGH-CAPACITY SYSTEMS 319 (a) (b) Figure 7.21: Tunable PMD compensation provided by a birefringent chirped fiber grating. ( ...

320 CHAPTER 7. DISPERSION MANAGEMENT Average DGD/Pulse width Figure 7.22: Pulse broadening factor as a function of average DGD i ...

PROBLEMS 321 Problems 7.1 What is the dispersion-limited transmission distance for a 1.55-μm lightwave system making use of dire ...