"Introduction". In: Fiber-Optic Communication Systems

442 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS For DM solitons the energy enhancement factorfLMis replaced byfLMfDM/3. The tol- erable value ofb ...

9.5. IMPACT OF AMPLIFIER NOISE 443 Figure 9.18: Timing jitter with (dotted curves) and without (solid curves) sliding-frequency ...

444 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS cally, the action of modulator is to change the soliton amplitude as B(zm,t)→Tm(t−tm)B(zm,t), (9. ...

9.6. HIGH-SPEED SOLITON SYSTEMS 445 Several other techniques can be used for controlling the timing jitter. One approach consist ...

446 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS In the case of terrestrial systems operating over standard fibers and dispersion- managed using D ...

9.6. HIGH-SPEED SOLITON SYSTEMS 447 (^6040200) (^2040600) 2000 4000 6000 8000 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Distance (km ) Time (ps) Norma ...

448 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 Distance (km) -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 1 ...

9.6. HIGH-SPEED SOLITON SYSTEMS 449 llel Figure 9.21: (a) Polarization multiplexing scheme and (b) the improvement realized with ...

450 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS An extension of the polarization-multiplexing technique, called polarization-multi- level coding, ...

9.6. HIGH-SPEED SOLITON SYSTEMS 451 Figure 9.22: Pulse envelopes at distancesξ=z/LD=0, 5, and 10 showing the delay of a soliton ...

452 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS pulse remains unchirped throughout the link. Moreover, the SSFS will depend on the map strength a ...

9.6. HIGH-SPEED SOLITON SYSTEMS 453 amplifier can be written as Ω(zn)=Ω(zn− 1 )+bRE(zn− 1 )+δΩn, (9.6.6) q(zn)=q(zn− 1 )+b 2 Ω(z ...

454 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 0 1 2 3 4 Distance (km) Timing jitter (ps) GordonHaus Raman total Figure 9. ...

9.6. HIGH-SPEED SOLITON SYSTEMS 455 (a) (b) Figure 9.24: (a) Temporal changes in the XPM-induced frequency shift produced by aco ...

456 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS ever, as solitons are periodically amplified, their state of polarization becomes random because ...

9.6. HIGH-SPEED SOLITON SYSTEMS 457 the Gordon–Haus jitter in the absence of such interactions [197]. The non-Gaussian correctio ...

458 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS Figure 9.25: Effect of third-order dispersion on timing jitter in a periodically amplified DDF- b ...

9.7. WDM SOLITON SYSTEMS 459 Note that the two solitons are propagating at different speeds because of their different frequenci ...

460 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS (a) (b) Figure 9.26: (a) Frequency shift during collision of two 50-ps solitons with 75-GHz chann ...

9.7. WDM SOLITON SYSTEMS 461 9.7.2 Effect of Lumped Amplification The situation is worse in loss-managed soliton systems in whic ...