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402 CHAPTER 8. MULTICHANNEL SYSTEMS [219] M. Saruwatari,IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron. 6 , 1363 (2000). [220] E. Bødtker ...

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Chapter 9 Soliton Systems The wordsolitonwas coined in 1965 to describe the particle-like properties of pulses propagating in a ...

9.1. FIBER SOLITONS 405 Chappen to have opposite signs so thatβ 2 Cis negative. The nonlinear phenomenon of SPM imposes a chirp ...

406 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS 9.1.2 Bright Solitons Consider the case of anomalous GVD by settings=−1 in Eq. (9.1.3). It is com ...

9.1. FIBER SOLITONS 407 Figure 9.1: Evolution of the first-order (left column) and third-order (right column) solitons over one ...

408 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS Figure 9.2: Evolution of a Gaussian pulse withN=1 over the rangeξ=0–10. The pulse evolves toward ...

9.1. FIBER SOLITONS 409 Figure 9.3: Pulse evolution for a “sech” pulse withN= 1 .2 over the rangeξ=0–10. The pulse evolves towar ...

410 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS Figure 9.4: (a) Intensity and (b) phase profiles of dark solitons for several values of the inter ...

9.2. SOLITON-BASED COMMUNICATIONS 411 fiber was used to generate a train of dark solitons [22]. A 100-GHz train of 1.6-ps dark s ...

412 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS Figure 9.5: Soliton bit stream in RZ format. Each soliton occupies a small fraction of the bit sl ...

9.2. SOLITON-BASED COMMUNICATIONS 413 Figure 9.6: Evolution of a soliton pair over 90 dispersion lengths showing the effects of ...

414 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS The dependence of soliton separation onq 0 can be studied analytically by using the inverse scatt ...

9.2. SOLITON-BASED COMMUNICATIONS 415 Figure 9.7: Evolution of a chirped optical pulse for the caseN=1 andC= 0 .5. ForC=0 the pu ...

416 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS 9.2.4 Soliton Transmitters Soliton communication systems require an optical source capable of pro ...

9.2. SOLITON-BASED COMMUNICATIONS 417 Figure 9.8: Schematic of (a) the device and (b) the package for a hybrid soliton pulse sou ...

418 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS used to produce a train of ultrashort pulses. The basic idea consists of injecting a CW beam, wit ...

9.3. LOSS-MANAGED SOLITONS 419 Figure 9.9: Broadening of fundamental solitons in lossy fibers (Γ= 0 .07). The curve marked “exac ...

420 CHAPTER 9. SOLITON SYSTEMS Figure 9.10: (a) Lumped and (b) distributed amplification schemes for compensation of fiber losse ...

9.3. LOSS-MANAGED SOLITONS 421 Because of rapid variations in the soliton energy introduced by periodic gain–loss changes, it is ...