An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry
The Chemistry of Continental Waters 171 Box 5.5 Essential and non-essential elements Many substances that might be considered to ...
only in the Amazon, but in Latin America as a whole, the Pacific Rim countries, and Africa, which together produce thousands of ...
The Chemistry of Continental Waters 173 Atmosphere Water column Sediments Predatory fish Smallfish Zoo- plankton Phyto-plankton ...
fatally), by methylated mercury in fish. The methyl mercury, a waste product of the plastics industry, had been discharged into ...
Municipallandfill Accidentalspillage Leachate Leakingseptictank Agriculturalleachate(pesticides,fertilizers) De-icingchemicals,o ...
eqn. 5.25 In addition to benzene this bacterium also oxidizes toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene and thus offers great potential f ...
atively charged species and become much more mobile than in the neutral conditions generally typical of groundwater. Petroleum c ...
included better storage tank containment, regular monitoring of cave conduit outlets and ventilation of basements in homes at ri ...
Nearly all cases of large-scale arsenic contamination in groundwater are caused by reduction of iron oxides in aquifer sediments ...
This would force iron oxide (Fe(OH) 3 ) to precipitate, but also remove some of the dissolved arsenic as it adsorbs to the preci ...
6 The Oceans 6.1 Introduction The oceans are by far the largest reservoir of the hydrosphere (see Fig. 1.4) and have existed for ...
6.2 Estuarine processes There are many differences between the chemistry of continental surface waters and seawater. In particul ...
temporary features on a geological timescale, but this does not reduce their importance as traps for riverine particulate matter ...
These reactions can significantly affect fluxes of riverine material to the oceans and therefore must be quantified in order to ...
If the concentration of the measured component is, like salinity, controlled by simple physical mixing, the relationship will be ...
6.2.3 Halmyrolysis and ion exchange in estuaries The electrochemical reactions that impinge on soil-derived river-borne clay min ...
The Oceans 187 6.2.4 Microbiological activity in estuaries As in most environments, biological, particularly microbial, processe ...
from surface waters by thermal stratification and the breakdown of the phyto- plankton debris results in occasional, seasonal, d ...
tion of carbon burial. The situation for nitrogen and phosphorus is complicated by the increase in fluxes from human activity th ...
190 Chapter Six Box 6.2 Salinity and major ion chemistry of seawater on geological timescales The evidence that the salinity and ...
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