An Introduction to Environmental Chemistry

7.2.3 The global budget of natural and anthropogenic carbon dioxide anthropogenic carbon dioxide We now synthesize much of the k ...

80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 0 200 000 400 000 600 000 800 000 1 000 000 1980 1989 Total CO 2 emissions summed by latitude North latit ...

Section 7.2.2. The reservoir of carbon in fossil fuels and mudrocks is also sub- stantial and a major portion of the latter is t ...

land clearance has appreciably altered compared with earlier years. The cause of this decrease in the rate of change appears to ...

correlation between the CO 2 and the temperature records. This supports the notion of CO 2 as an important greenhouse gas (Secti ...

human activities at the present time. Thus, for any scenario of future anthro- pogenic CO 2 emissions, there is at least as grea ...

growth, energy use and mode of production. All predict a substantial increase in atmospheric CO 2 during the next 100 years, wit ...

Figure 7.12b illustrates how this emitted radiation is absorbed by various atmos- pheric gases. As Figure 7.12 shows, much of th ...

Global Change 259 –8 –6–7 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 3 3 4 7 65 8 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Latitude (N) 30 20 10 Height (km) 2.5 2.5 ...

conclusion has to be that an understanding of the cycles of the non-CO 2 green- house gases is in total as important as knowledg ...

associated factors such as CO 2 uptake and trace gas emissions (e.g. dimethyl sul- phide in Section 7.3) are essentially unknown ...

our understanding of the global carbon cycle and the climatic consequences of changes to it. Predicting such effects into the fu ...

Comparison of the global sulphur cycle as it is thought to have been prior to any major anthropogenic influence (Fig. 7.17a) wit ...

10 10 72 Water weathering River runoff 104 32 10 Volcanic emission Volcanic emission Aeolian emission Sea-salt sulphate Volatile ...

Table 6.1), it can have a profound impact on poorly buffered soils and fresh waters, as discussed in Section 5.4.1. 4 The amount ...

compound can only be formed from DMS, in contrast to SO 2 , it is an unequiv- ocal marker for atmospheric acidity arising from m ...

anthropogenic sources of SO 2 –SO 42 - will dominate. These contrasting situations are illustrated in Figs 7.19 and 7.20. In Fig ...

sampled. A clear seasonal cycle is apparent, with highest values of MSA and nss-SO 42 - in the austral spring and summer. This i ...

are the dominant source of sulphur acidity in the air. The same is true for most marine areas of the southern hemisphere. The ve ...

DMS route. On the other hand, if its measured d^34 S is close to the 0 to +5‰ CDT range of fossil fuels, then its contained sulp ...