A History of Western Philosophy

points of view which were easy to combine with those of the Orient, perhaps because they had been borrowed from the East at a mu ...

but at any rate by the time of Saint Ambrose it had become extremely impressive. The power and the separateness of the priesthoo ...

of the fourteenth century the Pope was, politically, a tool in the hands of the King of France. More important than these causes ...

rescued in 1267 by the king's son, afterwards Edward I. There was already in his day a powerful French party in the Church, and ...

In the case of the Templars, the financial interests of pope and king coincided. But on most occasions, in most parts of Christe ...

conceived this sovereignty democratically, for he called representatives from the Italian cities to a sort of parliament. Succes ...

must be legitimate, therefore a power superior to a legitimate pope had to be found. The only solution lay in a General Council. ...

was summoned in 1424; then, in 1431, another was convoked to meet at Basel. Martin V died just at this moment, and his successor ...

Wycliffe's departure from orthodoxy began in 1376 with a course of lectures at Oxford "On Civil Dominion." He advanced the theor ...

But as he had been excommunicated in 1366, when Wycliffe was still orthodox, he must have arrived independently at his opinions. ...

Part I. From the Renaissance to Hume CHAPTER I General Characteristics THE period of history which is commonly called "modern" h ...

government, however, if it spreads, must obviously bring with it a new form of culture; the culture with which we shall be conce ...

continually increased in importance, until it has almost ousted theoretical science from men's thoughts. The practical importanc ...

oughly objective, is forced reluctantly into the subjective doctrine that knowledge is of the agreement or disagreement of ideas ...

world sought an end to anarchy in the Church, which was an idea, but was never adequately embodied in fact. Neither the ancient ...

II in 1250, Italy was, in the main, free from foreign interference until the French king Charles VIII invaded the country in 149 ...

ruined Venice, which, however, lingered on until deprived of independence by Napoleon. The constitution of Venice, which had ori ...

in 1494. Then followed the four years of Savonarola's influence, when a kind of Puritan revival turned men against gaiety and lu ...

of himself and his family. He had two sons, the Duke of Gandia and Caesar Borgia, of whom he greatly preferred the former. The d ...

Reformation put an end to the Italian Renaissance. Pope Clement VII being an obstacle to the Counter-Reformation, and, as a Medi ...