A History of Western Philosophy

compelled to abandon public life, and to spend the remainder of his days in writing important books. The ethics of the legal pro ...

Bacon was the first of the long line of scientifically minded philosophers who have emphasized the importance of induction as op ...

data upon which science must be based. We ought, he says, to be neither like spiders, which spin things out of their own insides ...

rule, the framing of hypotheses is the most difficult part of scientific work, and the part where great ability is indispensable ...

fifteen, he went to Oxford, where they taught him scholastic logic and the philosophy of Aristotle. These were his bugbears in l ...

He was not idle, however, either at this time or at any other during his long life. He had a controversy with Bishop Bramhall on ...

qualities in objects that correspond to our sensations are motions. The first law of motion is stated, and is immediately applie ...

may be defined as a small beginning of motion; if towards something, it is desire, and if away from something it is aversion. Lo ...

says Hobbes, is self-preservation from the universal war resulting from our love of liberty for ourselves and of dominion over o ...

and therefore property is created by government, which may control its creation as it pleases. It is admitted that the sovereign ...

admirably precise definition: Liberty is the absence of external impediments to motion. In this sense, liberty is consistent wit ...

The rights of property are only valid as against other subjects, not as against the sovereign. The sovereign has the right to re ...

the spiritual power above the temporal. The rest of this part is an attack on "vain philosophy," by which Aristotle is usually m ...

whole, therefore, as regards the powers of the State, the world has gone as Hobbes wished, after a long liberal period during wh ...

jects. In time of war there is a unification of interests, especially if the war is fierce; but in time of peace the clash may b ...

and is a sign of the new self-confidence that resulted from the progress of science. There is a freshness about his work that is ...

in 1625. But again friends would call on him before he was up (he seldom got up before midday), so in 1628 he joined the army wh ...

Prince of Orange intervened, and told the university not to be silly. This illustrates the gain to Protestant countries from the ...

among the ancients. What was original in him was the use of coordinates, i.e., the determination of the position of a point in a ...

is with mind and body. Each is wound up by God to keep time with the other, so that, on occasion of my volition, purely physical ...