A History of Western Philosophy

"usury." Thus natural law came to be differently conceived, but no one doubted there being such a thing. Many doctrines which su ...

"Men living together according to reason, without a common superior on earth, with authority to judge between them, is properly ...

It presently appears, however, that, where most men are in the state of nature, there may nevertheless be some men who do not li ...

that if I catch a person engaged in petty pilfering I have, apparently, by the law of nature, a right to shoot him. Property is ...

also has a right to defend his property, though opinions differ as to the amount of injury he may justly inflict upon a thief. I ...

Similarly it may be--I am not saying that it is--desirable, from a utilitarian point of view, to reserve to each individual a ce ...

venient. Government must, in some sense, have a right to exact obedience, and the right conferred by a contract seemed the only ...

there, and there only, where men have surrendered this right to the community or to the law. Absolute monarchy is not a form of ...

Locke would say that the majority of the citizens is to be the judge, But many questions have to be decided too quickly for it t ...

no transition to it from his individualistic premisses, except the mythical social contract. The social contract, in the sense r ...

ciled, doctrines which foreshadow those of developed capitalism and doctrines which adumbrate a more nearly socialistic outlook. ...

raise a considerable part of his food himself. This system was a survival from the Middle Ages, and was viewed with disapproval ...

necessities. The true descendant of the doctrines of Aquinas is the labour theory of value. The last of the schoolmen was Karl M ...

but he may have as much gold and as many diamonds as he can lawfully get, because gold and diamonds do not go bad. It does not o ...

executive are separate. The question therefore arises: what is to be done when they conflict? If the executive fails to summon t ...

they condemned his enemies and acquitted his friends. After the Revolution, they were made irremovable except by an Address from ...

modern England, but less than there should be on Locke's principles, since the legislature overshadowed the executive. What the ...

in France was reinforced by that of Hume, who lived for a time in France and was personally acquainted with many of the leading ...

but it may serve as a map and a mnemonic. The stages in the evolution of ideas have had almost the quality of the Hegelian diale ...

contrary, the base of the pyramid is on the solid ground of observed fact, and the pyramid tapers upward, not downward; conseque ...