Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

Nu − Nu Nu − Nu + CH 3 CH 2 H CH 3 CH 2 + H − + H 3 C CH 3 H 3 C + CH 3 − These are not leaving groups Protonation of an alcoho ...

Table 6.6 Factors Favoring SN1 versus SN2 Reactions Factor SN 1 SN 2 Substrate 3° (requires formstable carbocation) ation of a r ...

R Br R Cl I R I (+ Cl− or Br−) − Inversion of configuration in SN2 reactions: NC − + C Br NCC CH 3 H CH 2 CH 3 (R)-2-Bromobuta ...

OPO O− O PO O− O P O− O OH ATP + Nucleophile Leaving group Triphosphategroup + −OPO O− O PO O− O P O− O OH S-Adenosylmethionine ...

6.16 ELIMINATION REACTIONS OF ALKYL HALIDES CC Y Z elimination (−YZ) CC 6.16A DEHYDROHALOGENATION Heating an alkyl halide with ...

2 ROH + 2 Na 2 RO−Na+ + H 2 Alcohol sodiumalkoxide i) This is an oxidation-reduction reaction. ii) Na is a very powerful reducin ...

E2 reaction E1 reaction 6.17 THE E2 REACTION Rate equation Rate = k [CH 3 CHBrCH 3 ] [C 2 H 5 O–] A Mechanism for the E2 Rea ...

6.18 THE E1 REACTION Treating tert-butyl chloride with 80% aqueous ethanol at 25°C gives substitution products in 83% yield and ...

Sol O H Sol O H H CH 2 C+ + CH 3 CH 3 fast H + C CH^3 CH 3 H 2 C 2-Methylpropene E1 reaction iii) The E1 reaction almost always ...

6.19 SUBSTITUTION VERSUS ELIMINATION Because the reactive part of a nucleophile or a base is an unshared electron pair, all nuc ...

CH 3 CHCH 3 Br C 2 H 5 Ο−Na O C 2 H 5 + + C 2 H 5 OH (−^55 NaBr)oC CH^3 CHCH^3 + H 2 CCHCH 3 SN 2 (21%) E2 (79%) Tertiary halid ...

SN1 reaction is favored over E1 reaction in most unimolecular reactions. In general, substitution reactions of tertiary halides ...

Table 6D Reactivity of alkyl halides toward substitution and elimination Halide type^ SN 1 SN 2 E1 E2 Primary halide Does not oc ...

ALKENES AND ALKYNES I. PROPERTIES AND SYNTHESIS 7.1 INTRODUCTION Alkenes are hydrocarbons whose molecules contain the C–C doubl ...

bond and change the ending of the name of the alkane of identical length from ane to -ene. Number the chain so as to include ...

1) The group of higher priority on one carbon atom is compared with the group of higher priority on the other carbon atom: i) (Z ...

isomers when hydrogenation converts them to the same product. H 2 Pt CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH (^3) ∆Ho = −127 kJ mol-1 1-Butene (C 4 H ...

4) 1-Butene evolves the greatest amount of heat when hydrogenated, and trans-2-butene evolves the least. i) 1-Butene must have t ...

combustion can be used to measure their relative stabilities. 1) 2-Methylpropene cannot be compared directly with other butene i ...

R R R R R H R R H H R R R R H H R H R H H H R H H H H H Tetrasubstituted Trisubstituted Monosubstituted Unsubstituted > >& ...