Advices For Studying Organic Chemistry

CH 2 CH 3 H CH 3 OH C CH 2 CH 3 H 3 C H OH Hold CH 3 Rotate other three groups counterclockwise CH 2 CH 3 H 3 C OH H Not A Rotat ...

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5.9 THE SYNTHESIS OF CHIRAL MOLECULES 5.9A RACEMIC FORMS Optically active product(s) requires chiral reactants, reagents, and/o ...

(R)-(–)-2-butanol and (S)-(+)-2-butanol are produced in equal amounts, as a racemate. Addition of HBr to 1-butene: CH 3 CH 2 + ...

C H 3 C H C H H H H Br C H 3 C H CH 3 H H 3 C H H CH 3 Br H 3 C H Br CH 3 H Top Bottom (2S,4R)-2-Bromo-4-methylhexane (2R,4R)-2- ...

properly and is able to undergo reaction. Enzyme-catalyzed organic reactions: Hydrolysis of esters: C O ROR'+ HOH OH H O hyd ...

5.10 CHIRAL DRUGS Chiral drugs over racemates: Of much recent interest to the pharmaceutical industry and the U.S. Food and Dru ...

1) The (S) isomer is a highly potent therapeutic agent for primary chronic arthritis. 2) The (R) enantiomer has no therapeutic a ...

CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 H 3 C CH 3 H 3 C CH^3 cis-1,4-Dimethylcyclohexane Symmetry plane Top view Chair view trans-1,4-Dimethylcyclo ...

a pair of enantiomers. i) They are not superposable on each other. ii) They are noninterconvertible by a ring-flip. H H 3 C CH 3 ...

Enantiomers (+)- and (−)-trans-1,3-Dimethylcyclohexane CH 3 H 3 C CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 H 3 C CH 3 CH 3 Mirrorplane 1,2-Dimethylcycloh ...

Figure 5.21 cis-1,2-Dimethylcyclohexane exists as two rapidly interconverting chair conformations (c) and (d). i) The two confor ...

1) If a reaction takes place with no bond to the stereocenter is broken, the product will have the same configuration of groups ...

(R)-1-Bromo-2-butanol (S)-2-butanol The (R-S) designation changes while the reaction proceeds with retention of configuration. ...

H C C O H C O OH C O OH C O OH C O OH OH CH 2 OH H C OH CH 2 OH HgO (oxidation) (+)-Glycealdehyde (−)-Glyceric acid H C OH CH 2 ...

H C O OH OH (+)-Tartaric acid HO C C H CO 2 H i) In 1951 J. M. Bijvoet, the director of the van’t Hoff Laboratory of the Univers ...

i) (+)-Tartaric acid is one of the by-products of wine making. Louis Pasteur’s discovery of enantioisomerism led, in 1874, to t ...

5.17 CHIRAL MOLECULES THAT DO NOT POSSES A TETRAHEDRAL ATOM WITH FOUR DIFFERENT GROUPS Allenes: CCC CCC R R' R' R CCC Cl H H C ...

IONIC REACTIONS --- NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION AND ELIMINATION REACTIONS OF ALKYL HALIDES Breaking Bacterial Cell Walls with Orga ...

CCl 3 –CH 3 CF 3 –CHClBr 1,1,1-trichloroethane 2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (Halothane) 2) Vinyl halides: a halogen at ...