Organic Chemistry
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3 Unit 1: Foundational concepts of organic chemistry ...
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4 History of organic chemistry 4.1 Brief History Gevela Jacob Berzelius, a physician by trade, first coined the term ”organic ch ...
History of organic chemistry Urea synthesis was a critical discovery for biochemists because it showed that a compound known to ...
Major Advances in the Field of Organic Chemistry was Gilbert Lewis^1 of U.C. Berkeley who described covalent bonding largely as ...
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5 Atomic structure Figure 3 A simple model of a lithium atom. Not to scale! 5.1 Atomic Structure. Atoms are made up of anucleusa ...
Atomic structure 5.1.1 The nucleus The nucleus is made up ofprotons, which are positively charged, andneutrons, which have no ch ...
Shells and Orbitals As one progresses up through the shells (represented by the principal quantum numbern ) more types of orbita ...
Atomic structure 5.2.4 P orbital The next lowest-energy orbital is thep orbital. Its shape is often described as like that of a ...
Filling electron shells 5.2.5 D and F orbitals There are also D and F orbitals. D orbitals are present in transition metals. Sul ...
Atomic structure eight electrons, such as sulfur. Additionally, some noble gasses can form compounds when expanding their valenc ...
6 Electronegativity Whenever two atoms form a bond, the nucleus of each atom attracts the other’s electrons. Electronegativityis ...
Electronegativity REMEMBER:most electronegative> F > Cl > Br > I >least electronegative AndREMEMBER:least electro ...
7 Electronegativity content from Wikipedia Electronegativityisameasureoftheabilityofanatomormoleculetoattractelectronsinthe cont ...
Electronegativity content from Wikipedia 7.3 Electronegativity trends Each element has a characteristic electronegativity rangin ...
Electronegativity trends →Atomic radius decreases →Ionization energy increases →Electronegativity increases → (^1) Group (^21) ( ...
Electronegativity content from Wikipedia →Atomic radius decreases →Ionization energy increases →Electronegativity increases → (^ ...
Electronegativity trends →Atomic radius decreases →Ionization energy increases →Electronegativity increases → (^615) (^62) Rb0.8 ...
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