Basic Statistics
AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE 65 / I /\ I I 68 inches I/ \; 60 inches Height (in.) Figure 6.1 Normal curves with different means. ...
66 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION Figure 6.3 Proportions of men’s heights < 70.3 in. 6.2.1 Computing the Area Under a Normal Curve I ...
AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE 67 Figure 6.4 Proportions of men’s heights over 70.3 in. Figure 6.5 Proportions of men’s heights &l ...
68 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION men’s heights and is exceeded by just 1%. Such a number is called the 99th percentile, or Pgg. To fin ...
AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE 69 Table 6.1 Numerical Example of Interpolation Smaller tabled .[A] value ,1.300 ,9032 Computed z 1 ...
70 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 6.2.3 Interpreting Areas as Probabilities In the foregoing example, areas under portions of the norma ...
IMPORTANCE OFTHE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 71 Figure 6.8 Distribution of means from samples of size 25. population. We need to know no ...
72 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION However, if we do not know the population standard deviation and we desire to perform some of the ana ...
EXAMINING DATA FOR NORMALITY 73 Figure 6.9 Histogram of systolic blood pressures of adult males with normal curve. Figure 6.1 1 ...
74 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION Figure 6.10 80% cu 60% z .- 9 5 3 3 40% 0 20% 0% Box plot of systolic blood pressures of adult male ...
TRANSFORMATIONS 75 3.00 - 2.50 - 2.00 - 0 2 1.50- >" - 1.00- 0.50- p L 0.00- -0.50 - -1 .oo - W -1.50 - -2.00 - -2.50 - -3.0 ...
76 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION an approximately normal distribution. In this process, the same transformation is applied to each obs ...
PROBLEMS 77 increases as P is decreased. That is, taking the logarithm of X reduces the amount of skewness to the right more tha ...
78 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION Does the stem and leaf display of the hemoglobin data given ...
CHAPTER 7 ESTIMATION OF POPULATION MEANS: CONFIDENCE INTERVALS We consider first a very simple research situation in which we wi ...
80 ESTIMATION OF POPULATION MEANS: CONFIDENCE INTERVALS Table 7.1 Weight Gain Under Supplemented and Standard Diets Supplemented ...
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS 81 population under the new diet will be quite close to that under the old diet. We assume, therefore, that ...
82 ESTIMATION OF POPULATION MEANS: CONFIDENCE INTERVALS Figure 7.1 Distribution of means from sample of size 16. The confidence ...
SAMPLE SIZE NEEDED FOR A DESIRED CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 83 If a higher confidence level is chosen, we have greater confidence that ...
84 ESTIMATION OF POPULATION MEANS: CONFIDENCE INTERVALS Figure 7.2 Normal distribution compared with t distributions. be estimat ...
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