Basic Statistics
DIFFERENTTYPES OFTABLES 145 When two-way frequency tables are presented that simply give the frequencies without the row and col ...
146 CATEGORICAL DATA: ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES (one of cases and one of controls) and the sample sizes of the cases ...
RELATIVE RISK AND ODDS RATIO 147 Table 11.5 Doubling the Control Group Size in (A) and (B) A. Exposure to Risk Factor for an Unm ...
148 CATEGORICAL DATA: ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES diseased. The odds are estimated as total diseased total sample - tot ...
RELATIVE RISK AND ODDS RATIO 149 One difficulty in interpreting the odds ratio is that negative relationships are mea- sured alo ...
150 CATEGORICAL DATA: ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES Note that the ties in Table 1 1.4 (a and d) are ignored. An approxima ...
CHI-SQUARE TESTS FOR FREQUENCY TABLES: TWO-BY-TWO TABLES 151 and using the same reasoning, B 21 90 120 If we multiply equation ( ...
152 CATEGORICAL DATA: ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES Table 11.6 Association between Smoking and Vital Capacity: Expected F ...
CHI-SQUARE TESTS FOR FREQUENCY TABLES: TWO-BY-TWO TABLES 153 1.5 .. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 X* Figure 11.1 Chi-square distribution with 1 ...
154 CATEGORICAL DATA: ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES Table 11.7 Frequencies" Outcomes for Experimental and Standard Treatm ...
CHI-SQUARE TESTS FOR FREQUENCY TABLES: TWO-BY-TWO TABLES 155 For two samples, if we compute the expected frequency for A, we tak ...
156 CATEGORICAL DATA: ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES The computed chi-square has a chi-square distribution with 1 d.f. If ...
CHI-SQUARE TESTS FOR FREQUENCY TABLES: TWO-BY-TWO TABLES 157 square test is that for Fisher’s exact test the row and column tota ...
158 CATEGORICAL DATA: ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES For matched samples, the same correction factor can be used. Here, th ...
CHI-SQUARE TESTS FOR LARGER TABLES 159 Table 11.8 Association Between Health Status and Affording Medical Care Afford Medical Ca ...
160 CATEGORICAL DATA: ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES Table 11.9 Chi-square Association Between Health Status and Affording ...
CHI-SQUARE TESTS FOR LARGER TABLES 161 11.4.3 Chi-square Test for Larger Tables; More Than Two Samples or Outcomes We can also a ...
162 CATEGORICAL DATA: ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES 11.5 REMARKS The odds ratio and the chi-square test are frequently us ...
PROBLEMS 163 (c) Compute chi-square and test that the proportion of smokers is the same among cases and controls for (a) and (b) ...
164 CATEGORICAL DATA: ANALYSIS OF TWO-WAY FREQUENCY TABLES 11.7 Workers were classified as having no (n = 949), mild (n = 44), m ...
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