Basic Statistics
COMMON TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL STUDIES 5 Subjects Study Time 2obo i 2001 Year Disease-free Time 0 1 .5 1 1 3.5 = Sum Figure 1.2 ...
6 INITIAL STEPS Casdcont rol end beginning Cross-sectional Surveys beginning Experiments beginning Clinical trials end L cause o ...
COMMON TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL STUDIES^7 obtain reliable and unbiased information on events that happened long ago both in terms of ...
8 INITIAL STEPS number of patients, or patients may have to be accepted at several medical centers in order to have a sufficient ...
COMMON TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL STUDIES 9 1.3.4 Field Trials Field trials are performed using subjects who are not patients and hence ...
10 INITIAL STEPS The follow-up period should be long enough so that the exposure could possibly cause the disease. In other word ...
COMMON TYPES OF BIOMEDICAL STUDIES 11 in the same hospital in a time period just before the switch to the new technique. The ter ...
12 INITIAL STEPS PROBLEMS 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Write out the goals for a public health or medical study that you would li ...
CHAPTER 2 POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES This chapter is an introductory chapter on sampling. In Section 2.1 we present the basic conce ...
14 POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES the group of 100 people is called a sample; the group from which the sample is taken is called the po ...
DEFINITIONS OF TYPES OF SAMPLES 15 When it is feasible to study an entire population, one may learn more about the population by ...
16 POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES be either the same fraction from both strata (say 10%) or different fractions. If the same proportion ...
METHODS OF SELECTING SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLES 17 Two other questions should be considered: Why do we want a simple random sample, a ...
18 POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES Table 2.1 Blood Cholesterol Measurements for 98 Men Aged 40-49Years (mg/100 mL) 289 385 306 215 301 2 ...
APPLICATION OF SAMPLING METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL STUDIES 19 to obtain random digits. Note that each program has its own way of gene ...
20 POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES the sample, the number and location of observational units, the time schedule, and so on. Sampling sc ...
APPLICATION OF SAMPLING METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL STUDIES 21 If the persons to be sampled live in a very small area, it is possible ...
22 POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES of as replicates. If animals are used, it is recommended that they be randomly assigned to the treatm ...
APPLICATION OF SAMPLING METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL STUDIES 23 best treatment. Again, the treatments are given in random order. Phase ...
24 POPULATIONS AND SAMPLES her further. These procedures will lessen the number of usable cases and may make the sample less rep ...
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