bei48482_FM
Thermionic Emission E instein’s interpretation of the photoelectric effect is supported by studies of thermionic emis- sion. Lon ...
68 Chapter Two intensity depends instead on Nh, where Nis the number of photons per second per unit area that reach the same pl ...
In 1912 a method was devised for measuring the wavelengths of x-rays. A dif- fraction experiment had been recognized as ideal, b ...
70 Chapter Two Tungsten target 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 Relative intensity 2 4 6 8 10 Wavelength, nm 50 kV 40 kV 30 kV 20 kV F ...
Particle Properties of Waves 71 target atoms after having been disturbed by the bombarding electrons. This phenom- enon will be ...
Since work functions are only a few electronvolts whereas the accelerating poten- tials in x-ray tubes are typically tens or hun ...
Unscattered waves Incident waves Scattered waves Figure 2.18The scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a group of atoms. Inc ...
74 Chapter Two The interference pattern pro- duced by the scattering of x-rays from ions in a crystal of NaCl. The bright spots ...
Incident photon E = hv p = hv/c E = mc^2 p = 0 E = hv′ p = hv′/c E = √m^2 c^4 + p^2 c^2 p = p Target electron Scattered electron ...
Momentum, unlike energy, is a vector quantity that incorporates direction as well as magnitude, and in the collision momentum mu ...
Since KEhh we have p^2 c^2 (h)^2 2(h)(h )(h )^2 2 mc^2 (hh ) (2.19) Substituting this value of p^2 c^2 in Eq. (2 ...
Arthur Holly Compton (1892– 1962), a native of Ohio, was edu- cated at College of Wooster and Princeton. While at Washington Uni ...
are only loosely bound to their parent atoms. Other electrons, however, are very tightly bound and when struck by a photon, the ...
Photon Positron Electron + Nucleus Figure 2.25In the process of pair production, a photon of sufficient energy materializes in ...
hv/c p p θ θ p cos θ p cos θ Figure 2.26Vector diagram of the momenta involved if a photon were to materialize into an electron- ...
Since p m for the electron and positron, h 2 mc^2 cos Because c 1 and cos 1, h 2 mc^2 But conservation of energy requ ...
Compton scattering hv Pair production hv Photoelectric effect Atom hv e– e– hv′ e+ e– Figure 2.27X- and gamma rays interact with ...
84 Chapter Two 0 5 10 15 20 Lead Total Pair production Compton scattering Photoelectric effect 25 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0. ...
Example 2.7 The linear attenuation coefficient for 2.0-MeV gamma rays in water is 4.9 m^1. (a) Find the rel- ative intensity of ...
H KE = mgH KE = 0 E = hv E = hv +hv c^2 gH = hv′ Figure 2.30A photon that falls in a gravitational field gains energy, just as a ...
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