bei48482_FM
En n 1, 2, 3,... (3.18) Each permitted energy is called an energy level,and the integer nthat specifies an energy level Enis c ...
The minimum energy the marble can have is 5.5 10 ^64 J, corresponding to n1. A marble with this kinetic energy has a speed o ...
where the function g(k) describes how the amplitudes of the waves that contribute to (x) vary with wave number k. This function ...
110 Chapter Three Gaussian Function W hen a set of measurements is made of some quantity xin which the experimental errors are r ...
Wave Properties of Particles 111 The de Broglie wavelength of a particle of momentum p is hp and the corresponding wave numbe ...
These uncertainties are due not to inadequate apparatus but to the imprecise charac- ter in nature of the quantities involved. A ...
3.8 UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE II A particle approach gives the same result The uncertainty principle can be arrived at from the poin ...
original momentum will be changed. The exact amount of the change pcannot be predicted, but it will be of the same order of magn ...
Solution Letting x5.0 10 ^5 m we have p1.1 10 ^20 kg m/s If this is the uncertainty in a nuclear electron’s momentum, ...
The corresponding energy uncertainty is E h and so E or E t h A more precise calculation based on the nature of wave groups ...
Exercises 117 EXERCISES It is only the first step that takes the effort. —Marquise du Deffand 3.1 De Broglie Waves A photon and ...
118 Chapter Three 3.6 Particle in a Box Obtain an expression for the energy levels (in MeV) of a neu- tron confined to a one-di ...
119 4.1 THE NUCLEAR ATOM An atom is largely empty space 4.2 ELECTRON ORBITS The planetary model of the atom and why it fails 4.3 ...
F ar in the past people began to suspect that matter, despite appearing continu- ous, has a definite structure on a microscopic ...
What Geiger and Marsden actually found was that although most of the alpha particles indeed were not deviated by much, a few wer ...
explain the results, Rutherford found, was to picture an atom as being composed of a tiny nucleus in which its positive charge a ...
with the “discovery” of the nucleus. Because N() is inversely proportional to sin^4 (2) the variation of N() with is very p ...
124 Chapter Four The maximum KE found in alpha particles of natural origin is 7.7 MeV, which is 1.2 10 ^12 J. Since 1 4 0 ...
Atomic Structure 125 holding the electron in an orbit rfrom the nucleus is provided by the electric force Fe between them. The ...
126 Chapter Four Solution Since 13.6 eV 2.2 10 ^18 J, from Eq. (4.5) r 5.3 10 ^11 m An atomic radius of this magnitud ...
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