NUTRITION IN SPORT
Introduction Hard physical exercise poses a formidable chal- lenge to the body’s ability to maintain its internal environment wi ...
cost. Air resistance becomes a factor at the higher speeds involved in cycling, and reducing the energy needed to overcome air r ...
rates or drips off the skin. Effective evaporation is also prevented if the vapour pressure gradient between the skin and the en ...
The ability of athletes to complete events such as the marathon, even in adverse climatic condi- tions, with relatively little c ...
1954 Empire Games marathon in Vancouver, and Gabriella Andersen-Scheiss at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. Such problems are rare ...
Water losses The turnover rate of water exceeds that of most other body components: for the individual who lives in a temperate ...
components will occur where large volumes of sweat are produced. The electrolyte composition of sweat is variable, and the conce ...
during the exercise period (Fortney et al.1988). The changes in the concentration of individual electrolytes are more variable, ...
the glomerular filtrate. Most of the reabsorption occurs in the proximal tubule, but active absorp- tion also occurs in the dist ...
both the osmotic pressure of the body fluids and the central venous volume. The same mecha- nisms are involved in water and solu ...
water and electrolyte balance are the primary functions of the kidneys. Excess water or solute is excreted, and where there is a ...
electrolyte losses in most exercise situations is small. References Adolph, A. & Associates (1947)Physiology of Man in the D ...
changes during a marathon race. International Journal of Biometeorology 13 , 317. Nielsen, B. (1996) Olympics in Atlanta: a figh ...
Introduction Athletes encounter heat stress from climatic con- ditions (e.g. temperature, humidity, solar load) and body heat pr ...
intense training can greatly increase daily fluid requirements. Electrolytes, primarily sodium chloride and, to a lesser extent, ...
rehydrate at mealtime, when fluid consumption is stimulated by consuming food (Adolph & Associates 1947; Marriott 1993). The ...
hypohydration reduces maximal aerobic power in temperate climates. In hot climates, Craig and Cummings (1966) demonstrated that ...
drated. Hypohydration was achieved by diuretic administration (furosemide), which decreased body weight by 2% and plasma volume ...
only elevates core temperature responses, but it negates the core temperature advantages con- ferred by high aerobic fitness and ...
cacy of hyperhydration on thermoregulation during exercise-heat stress. In addition, some studies (Moroff & Bass 1965; Niels ...
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