Analytical Chemistry

conditions the simple proportionality expressed in equation (8.2) applies. Straightforward calibration with standards is thus po ...

Figure 8.14 'Echellogram' showing the three dimensional nature of a typical spectrum. (Courtesy of Varian Ltd) and this feature ...

source. A further consequence of the high temperature is the large number of emission lines which are excited. If the matrix is ...

Table 8.4 Atomic spectroscopy detection limits (micrograms/litre) (from Perkin Elmer, Guide to Techniques and Applications of At ...

In 20 0.05 30 0.02 Ir 600 2 20 0.06 K 2 0.02 50 10 La 2000 1 0.01 Li 0.5 0.05 0.9 0.1 Lu 700 0.01 Mg 0.1 0.004 0.08 0.1 Mn 1 0.0 ...

cont'd. Table 8.4 Element Flame AA Hg/ Hydride GFAA ICP Emission ICP-MS Rh 4 20 0.02 Ru 70 4 0.05 S 50 500 Sb 30 0.1 0.2 60 0.02 ...

chlorine were determined using the ELAN's negative ion detection capabilities. Some comparisons with flame emission spectrometry ...

only, and from a single sample injection. A typical spectrum is shown in Figure 8.16. As with ICP-AES (p. 297 et seq.), interfac ...

Figure 8.16 Illustrative ICP-MS spectrum showing a set of 26 standards, as sharp, smooth, symmetrical peaks. Any 'blocking-in' t ...

Figure 8.17 Schematic diagram of a typical ICP-MS system. In some systems the multichannel scaler may be omitted. The ability to ...

Figure 8.19 A series of ICP-MS specta showing the interference from some polyatomic argon species, and the improvement brought a ...

Figure 8.20 ICP-MS spectrum showing the naturally occurring isotopes of lead. (Courtesy of Dr N.I. Ward, University of Surrey) b ...

Applications Quantitative determination of metals in solution, especially alkali, and alkaline earth metals in clinical samples. ...

Figure 8.21 (a) Schematic diagram of a flame photometer. (b) Structure of a flame. or grating dispersion is necessary and the te ...

reaction zone is confined to the region just above the burner orifice; it is here that combustion, atomization and thermal excit ...

undergo electronic excitation or ionization. The population of free atoms in the flame will be an equilibrium value dependent on ...

Figure 8.22 Energy level diagrams for the easily excited atomic lines of lithium, sodium, potassium and rubidium. Wavelengths ar ...

(Table 8.7). Thus, intensity and concentration are directly proportional. However, the intensity of a spectral line is very sens ...

The presence of species in the flame other than those of the analyte may alter the emitted intensities of analyte lines through ...

Table 8.6 Some detection limits for atomic absorption, fluorescence and flame emission methods Element Spectral line/nm Flame Me ...