Analytical Chemistry

Table 6.6 Ionic conductances Titration of Strong Acids or Bases (Figure 6.19(a)) Before the equivalence point, H 3 O+ is progres ...

Figure 6.19 Conductometric titration curves (a) Titration of strong acid with NaOH. (b) Titration of acetic acid, Ka = 1.75 × 10 ...

(2) (a) Calculate Ksp for MX 2 in the system: M|MX 2 (saturated), X– (0.400 M)|H 2 (1 atmosphere) Pt (b) Calculate for the 1/2-c ...

(8) A 50 cm^3 aliquot of a lead nitrate solution in 0.1 M KNO 3 was titrated amperometrically with 0.05 M potassium dichromate. ...

Further Reading Bailey, P. L., Analysis with Ion-Selective Electrodes (2nd edn), Heyden, London, 1980. Evans, A., Potentiometry ...

7 — An Introduction to Analytical Spectrometry Spectrometric techniques from the largest and most important single group of tech ...

Figure 7.1 Wave representation of electromagnetic radiation. Thus, where I is the intensity and E the energy. Frequency and wave ...

The energy associated with electromagnetic radiation covers a wide range of magnitude as do the corresponding frequencies and wa ...

spectrum and that even the boundaries between the instrumentally based divisions are diffuse. Atomic and Molecular Energy The to ...

The Absorption and Emission of Electromagnetic Radiation If a substance is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation, the energy ...

spectral lines have small transition moments while strong lines have values approaching one. One factor which determines the val ...

Analytical Spectrometry The set of energy levels associated with a particular substance is a unique characteristic of that subst ...

Instrumentation The detailed design and construction of instruments used in the various branches of spectrometry are very differ ...

Figure 7.5 Characteristics of standard Ilford filters for the visible region. range transmission characteristics. It follows als ...

Figure 7.6 Dispersion of radiation by a prism monochromator. frequencies of a recorded spectrum appearing relatively more widely ...

Figure 7.7 Operating principle of a diffraction grating, φ is the angle of incidence; d is the groove spacing; θ is the angle of ...

Figure 7.8 Interferometer and associated electronics. movements of mirror B along the direction of the radiation beam incident u ...

passed through an absorbing sample, a modified interferogram can be recorded. Fourier transformation of this second interferogra ...

radiation over a wide spectral range, e.g. 200–800 nm. An array of several hundred photodiodes on one or two chips, positioned t ...

8 — Atomic Spectrometry Electronic energy levels are widely spaced, and spectral transitions between them are therefore observed ...