phy1020.DVI

Chapter 53 Optics of the Hubble Space Telescope 53.1 The Hubble Space Telescope. To illustrate the workings of a real optical in ...

Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) 53.2 HST Optics Overview The Hub ...

Figure 53.1: Resolution of the Hubble Space Telescope. Rayleigh criterion, the smallest angular separationthat two point source ...

53.4 Spherical Aberration Shortly after its launch in 1990, it was discovered that Hubble’s primary mirror had aspherical aberra ...

Chapter 54 Dispersion Recall that the index of refractionnof a transparent material is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum ...

Figure 54.1: Dispersion in distilled water, showing how the index of refraction varies with wavelength. where is the wavelength ...

Chapter 55 Polarization In normal white light, the plane of the electric field vector occurs in random directions for different ...

light reflecting from a reflecting floor or swimming pool will be horizontally polarized, and light reflecting from a window wil ...

Chapter 56 Color The human eye is capable of both color and black-and-white vision. Under conditions of very low illumi- nation, ...

Figure 56.1: Addition and subtraction of primary colors. light; equal proportions of green and blue light make a greenish-blue c ...

see the red and green pixels turned on, and the blue pixels turned off. To form orange, the red pixels will be on and bright, th ...

But the spectrum doesnotinclude the color magenta, which is a combination of two colors on opposite ends of the spectrum (red an ...

Figure 56.2: The CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. The white triangle shows the range of colors that can be displayed on a color co ...

Figure 56.3: Some properties of the chromaticity diagram. (a) IfAandBare two points (colors) on the diagram, then any color alon ...

Chapter 57 The Rainbow Therainbow, one of the most beautiful and striking objects seen in Nature, is typically visible during a ...

Figure 57.1: A rainbow. The bright primary bow is over the barn; the dimmer secondary bow is to the right. Alexander’s dark band ...

Figure 57.2: Observation of primary and secondary rainbows by an observer at pointE. The Sun is behind the observer, as indicate ...

Figure 57.3: Impact parameter and the resulting scattered light rays. (From Nussenzveig,Scientific American, April 1977.) The ra ...

Figure 57.4: Scattering angle vs. impact parameter for the primary and secondary rainbows. (After Nussen- zveig,Scientific Ameri ...

57.6 Higher-Order Rainbows Both the primary and secondary rainbows are easy to observe in Nature, but what about high-order bows ...