Islam : A Short History
Islam • 61 ligious ideas and practices take root not because they are pro- moted by forceful theologians, nor because they can b ...
Karen Armstrong protest movement that would, before long, bring it into con- flict with the caliphate. By the end of the reign ...
Islam • 63 came a folk hero. Championing the Mutazilites had done al- Mamun no good; it had simply alienated the masses. At one ...
Karen Armstrong denied that the divine had any "human" attributes at all. How could we say that God "spoke" or "sat on a thron ...
Islam • 65 into the interstices of their lives, Muslims were cultivating that constant remembrance (dhikr) of God enjoined by th ...
Karen Armstrong lectual or mystically inclined needed to interpret the religion differently. During the Abbasid period, four m ...
Islam • 61 esoteric disciplines observed the five "Pillars" (rukn) or essen- tial practices of Islam. They were all in full agre ...
Karen Armstrong privilege the rich and oppress the weak, despite the clear commands of the Quran. Shiis who followed Jafar as- ...
Islam • 69 the twelve imams) would take no further part in political life, since in the absence of the Hidden Imam, the true lea ...
Karen Armstrong ecutor, and Ali had been Muhammad's. As the faithful strug- gled to put their teachings into practice, they wo ...
Islam • 11 The Ismailis derived a good deal of their cosmic symbol- ism from Falsafah, the third of the esoteric movements that ...
Karen Armstrong gether so that they formed a consistent, total and logical world-view. It was, perhaps, a philosophical versio ...
Islam. 73 ing philosophy as higher than revealed religion, which be- came, in his view, a mere expedient and a natural social ne ...
Karen Armstrong had its roots in the asceticism (zuhd) that developed during the Umayyad period as a reaction against the grow ...
Islam. 75 deeply into the unconscious mind and experience what seems like a presence in the depths of their being. Sufis learned ...
Karen Armstrong the source of all being. The mystical journey was simply a re- turn to what is truly natural to humanity, a do ...
Islam. 77 far from the first little beleaguered ummah in Medina. Their philosophy, fiqh and mystical disciplines were rooted in ...
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CULMINATION ...
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