Religion in India: A Historical Introduction

It is at this point that Sunnı ̄ and Shı ̄ite interpretations diverge. Sunnı ̄s, adherents of Abu ̄ Bakr, also follow the teachi ...

entered to rescue some Turkish soldiers and craftsmen who had been “enslaved” and to retrieve payments for elephants and equipme ...

The political context Three separate sultanates followed the slave kings: the Khaljı ̄s (1290–1316) only ruled for twenty-six ye ...

between Persia and India and made Delhi one of the most important centers of culture in Asia. By the mid-sixteenth century at le ...

Sha ̄h Jaha ̄n(1628–58), a good administrator, became the patron of Indo- Islamic art and architecture at its peak. He built the ...

Hindu princes were restored and the empire extending into Kashmı ̄r and into the Deccan was maintained; yet his military power b ...

century. In fact, in 1739, the Persian Sha ̄h sacked Delhi and the era of Islamic power in India was at an end. This brief sketc ...

in India. But there were at least four different schools of Sunnı ̄ interpretation of which the two most liberal are to be found ...

878 CEthe twelfth ima ̄mwithdrew from the world, but would return in order to purify the world at the end of history.^14 The Shı ...

appropriate interpretations of Islam. Given to a mystical lifestyle, Su ̄fı ̄s insisted that Alla ̄h could be found within one – ...

accessibility of God. 4) Once one is ready, one takes a vow of poverty – to possess nothing other than what is needed as daily n ...

Recommended reading Islam in India Agrawal, C. M. Akbar and His Hindu Officers. Jalandar: ABS Publishers, 1986. Alam, Muzaffar. ...

7 Developments in the Late Medieval Period Orthopraxy Hindu polities Devotionalism Mara ̄thı ̄ Benga ̄lı ̄ Hindı ̄ Accommodation ...

context of pluralism of various kinds, orthopraxy is the propensity to retreat into enclaves or to reassert one’s own sense of s ...

Muslims in their armies and courts and fought with other Hindu princes). In the area of philosophy three rival systems of Veda ̄ ...

to Vijayanagara principles, organizing the army along principles borrowed from the Portuguese. He was noted for the sacking of S ...

Afghans were described as ugly, white persons with broad foreheads on which their various atrocities could be inscribed. They we ...

Mara ̄thı ̄ Among the earliest of the Mara ̄thı ̄bhaktaswasJna ̄nes ́vara(1271–96). He was influenced by the popular Va ̄rkarı ̄ ...

Developments in the Late Medieval Period 143 Figure 6Statue of Hanuman, monkey general of Ra ̄ ma’s army. Photograph by Rob F. P ...

Mara ̄thı ̄ kingdom, was a disciple of Ra ̄mda ̄s who presented Ra ̄ma as the militant prototype of a dharmic Hindu king. A trad ...