CIVIL ENGINEERING FORMULAS

222 CHAPTER NINE Whenfa/Fa0.15, the following equation may be used instead of the preced- ing two: (9.54) In the preceding equa ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 223 To prevent web crippling, the AISC specification requires that bearing stiff- eners be prov ...

224 CHAPTER NINE Stiffeners are required if the concentrated load exceeds R, kip (kN), computed from (9.60) wherehclear distanc ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 225 and a pair of stiffeners should be provided opposite the tension flange when the thickness ...

226 CHAPTER NINE completely braced laterally, the allowable stress in the flanges is 0.66Fy, where Fyis the yield strength, ksi ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 227 least 1 in (25.4 mm) of concrete cover in all directions; and unless studs are located dire ...

228 CHAPTER NINE In continuous composite construction, longitudinal reinforcing steel may be considered to act compositely with ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 229 For structural design computations, flat compression elements of cold- formed structural me ...

230 CHAPTER NINE but not less than 4.8t. A simple lip should not be used as an edge stiffener for any element having a flat-widt ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 231 For safe-load determinations, that is, in computing effective area and section modulus (9.8 ...

232 CHAPTER NINE w t t t tt (a) (b) (c) 1 2 b 1 2 b 1 2 b^2 1 2 b^1 1 2 b^1 1 2 b^1 1 2 b^1 1 2 b^1 1 2 b^1 1 2 b^1 1 2 b^1 1 2 ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 233 For deflection determinations, that is, in computing moment of inertia to be used in deflec ...

234 CHAPTER NINE (9.87) NOTE: In solving this formula, B should not be assigned any value greater than h. This formula applies o ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 235 (9.89) Values of Pmax (4) apply only where the distance xis greater than 1.5h.Other- wise u ...

236 CHAPTER NINE (When the effective-width treatment of stiffened elements is used, Qcan be defined as the ratio between effecti ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 237 Members subject to both axial compression and bending stresses shall be pro- portioned to m ...

238 CHAPTER NINE However, the wall material and its attachments to the studs must comply with the following: 1.Wall sheathing is ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 239 For continuous attachment, use nequal to four times the attached length along each faying s ...

240 CHAPTER NINE Beams The optimal section modulus for an elastically designed I-shaped beam results when the area of both flang ...

BUILDING AND STRUCTURES FORMULAS 241 (9.112) where C carbon content, % Mnmanganese content, % Crchromium content, % Momolybd ...