The Foundations of Chemistry

CC The Development of Science HEMISTRY IN USE Glenn Seaborg: A Human Side to the Modern Periodic Table If it were possible to as ...

f-Transition Elements.Sometimes known as inner transition elements,these are elements in which electrons are being added to forb ...

240 CHAPTER 6: Chemical Periodicity ATOMIC RADII In Section 5-16 we described individual atomic orbitals in terms of probabiliti ...

Atomic radii are often stated in angstroms(1 Å 10
^10 m) or in the SI units nanometers(1 nm 10
^9 m) or picometers(1 pm 10 ...

Within a family (vertical group on the periodic table) of representative elements, atomic radii increase from top to bottom as e ...

Figure 6-2 A plot of first ionization energies for the first 38 elements versus atomic number. The noble gases have very high fi ...

As one goes across a period on the periodic table, the slight breaks in the increasing ionization energies occur between Groups ...

Here is one reason why trends in ionization energies are important. Noble gas electron configurations are stable only for ions i ...

The value of EA for Cl can also be represented as
5.79 10
^19 J/atom or
3.61 eV/atom. The electron volt (eV) is a unit of en ...

This reasoning is similar to that used to explain the low IE 1 values for Group VIA elements. 6-4 Electron Affinity 247 Elements ...

Solution The order of increasing values of electron affinity is (most negative EA) ClBrKCs (least negative EA) You should now ...

by a nuclear charge of only 8, whereas the fluoride ion has ten electrons held by a nuclear charge of 9. Comparison of radii i ...

Because the noble gases form few compounds, they are not included in this discussion. 250 CHAPTER 6: Chemical Periodicity 36 ele ...

General trends in electronegativities of A group elements with position in the periodic table. 6-7 Hydrogen and the Hydrides 251 ...

Can you write the net ionic equation for the reaction of Zn with HCl(aq)? 252 CHAPTER 6: Chemical Periodicity metals. The latter ...

Figure 6-4 Common hydrides of the representative elements. The ionic hydrides are shaded blue, molecular hydrides are shaded red ...

The primary industrial use of H 2 is in the synthesis of ammonia, a molecular hydride, by the Haber process (Section 17-7). Most ...

The name “oxygen” means “acid former.” Liquid O 2 is used as an oxidizer for rocket fuels. O 2 also is used in the health fields ...

256 CHAPTER 6: Chemical Periodicity and require heating to supply the energy necessary to break the strong bonds in O 2 mole- cu ...

Figure 6-7 Iron powder burns brilliantly to form iron(III) oxide, Fe 2 O 3. 6-8 Oxygen and the Oxides 257 For example, the equat ...