The Foundations of Chemistry

EXAMPLE 5-6 Energy of Light A green line of wavelength 4.86 10
^7 m is observed in the emission spectrum of hydrogen. Calculat ...

When an electric current is passed through hydrogen gas at very low pressures, several series of lines in the spectrum of hydrog ...

it emits exactly the same amount of energy it absorbed in moving from the lower to the higher energy level. Figure 5-16 illustra ...

Figure 5-17 (a) The energy levels that the electron can occupy in a hydrogen atom and a few of the transitions that cause the em ...

5-12 Atomic Spectra and the Bohr Atom 203 stable state). Going away from the nucleus, the allowable orbits are farther apart in ...

described by quantum numbers that can have only certain allowed values, and that the quantum numbers indicate something about wh ...

Solution (a) m9.11 10
^28 g9.11 10
^31 kg Substituting into the de Broglie equation,  m h v 5.87 10
^11 m Though ...

particles such as electrons, atoms, and molecules do not. A different kind of mechanics, called quantum mechanics,which is based ...

kind of standing-wave mathematics that is applied to the vibrating guitar string. In this approach, the electron is characterize ...

QUANTUM NUMBERS The solutions of the Schrödinger and Dirac equations for hydrogen atoms give wave func- tions, , that describe t ...

4.The spin quantum number,ms, refers to the spin of an electron and the orienta- tion of the magnetic field produced by this spi ...

principal shells (main energy levels) by using the principal quantum number as a coeffi- cient; 1sindicates the sorbital in the ...

describe an sorbital as spherically symmetrical;that is, it is round like a basketball (Figure 5-21). The electron clouds (elect ...

The sizes of orbitals increase with increasing nand the true shapes of porbitals are “diffuse,” as shown in Figure 5-26. The dir ...

by the values of n,
, and m
, has a capacity of two electrons. Electrons are negatively charged, and they behave as though they ...

Number of Subshells Number of Maximum Number Shell per Shell Atomic Orbitals of Electrons nn n^22 n^2 1 1 1 (1s)2 2 2 4 (2s, 2px ...

Each atom is “built up” by (1) adding the appropriate numbers of protons and neutrons as specified by the atomic number and the ...

216 CHAPTER 5: The Structure of Atoms Figure 5-28 The usual order of filling (Aufbau order) of the orbitals of an atom. The rela ...

a noble gas, has a filled first main shell (two electrons). The atom is so stable that no chemical reactions of helium are known ...

218 CHAPTER 5: The Structure of Atoms E nrichment Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism Substances that contain unpaired electrons are ...