Side_1_360

For each ClassID the MRP keeps count of all packets which have arrived for a given class and all packets which are dropped for a ...

work, such as Internet, where it is difficult to locate when a flow is finished, the metering pol- icy can also be used to defin ...

UCL (University College London). The imple- mented solutions have then been analysed through experimental tests. More detail on ...

nomic issues such as market structure and demand. Equation (2) is rather general and can describe a wide range of the charging s ...

the total usage charge for best-effort services is given by: Usage_chargebest-effort= pV(x)V where x= {best-effort} and Vis the ...

known in advance. However, the SP can have empirical measurements of past sessions, hence can determine the average transport le ...

intermediate MRP. This is fortunately not needed as the IP-packets are already marked for the desired NPL and it is sufficient t ...

There are other similar observations in a multi- operator situation. If there is an operator offering predictable prices, while ...

287 1 Introduction It is confirmed by several sources that the growth in the Internet has been phenomenal. This is counted both ...

sense. In fact, traffic from most of the traditional applications on IP-based networks is quite toler- ant with respect to varia ...

Zooming in on IP-related aspects, the stratum referring to routers is commonly placed in the centre. Several of the relations wi ...

work were the access link is in use during a phone conversation, but idle most of the time. Installing a capacity much higher th ...

A principle behind the layering is that a layer entity at a destination sees the same object/mes- sage as sent by the correspond ...

3.1 Interconnecting IP and Optics The optical networks must be survivable, flexi- ble and controllable [ID_IPoptfw]. Introducing ...

nection and no routing exchange between the IP and the optical network. A provisioned interface would be expected. The next phas ...

To provide a framework for real-time provi- sioning of optical channels in automatically switched optical networks; To foster t ...

IP packets are routed based on the destination IP address. By allowing the mobile node to use two IP add- resses the mobility ...

does not know its COA. In such cases, it may distribute its address to the correspondent node for more efficient routing. For IP ...

Two variations of distribution trees are source trees and shared trees, see Figure 15. A source tree means that each source has ...

shared, are explained above. Co-existenceindi- cates whether both tree types can exist and a switchover might be possible for th ...