Modern inorganic chemistry

156 THE ELEMENTS OF GROUP III Bromides and iodides The tribromide and triodide of both boron and aluminium can be made by the di ...

THE ELEMENTS OF GROUP III 157 OTHER COMPOUNDS Alums These are double salts which have the general formula MIMIII(SO 4 ) 2 .12H 2 ...

158 THE ELEMENTS OF GROUP III Gallium, indium, thallium Inlermetallic compounds with gallium are used as semiconductors. Indium ...

THE ELEMENTS OF GROUP III 159 (a) Magnesium chloride is a high melting-point solid, aluminium chloride is a solid which sublimes ...

8 Group IV (Carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, lead) INTRODUCTION SUMMARY OF GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS In this group the outer quant ...

TiHe&l SELECTED PROPERTIES OF THE ELEMENTS ,. n Mom rr, iPfflPMf morale ffin\K uwter ,, no. electrons , , W C 6 ; Si H ; Ge ...

162 GROUP IV electrons are retained as an inert pair. There are no stable com- pounds of carbon and silicon in this + 2 oxidatio ...

GROUP IV 163 four but, with the exception of carbon monoxide, double or triple bonds are formed in such a way as to make the cov ...

164 GROUP IV Diamonds Diamonds are found in South Africa, India, South America and Russia. The largest ever found was the Cullin ...

GROUP IV 165 thermal degradation of certain acrylic textile fibres. The basic molecular orientation of the carbon atoms in the o ...

166 GROUP IV mixture of powdered aluminium and sulphur (this supplies addi- tional heat). After the reaction has ceased, magnesi ...

GROUP IV 167 silicon, crystallises with a diamond structure, the mean thermo- chemical bond strength being Ge—Ge, 188 kJ mol l. ...

168 GROUP IV PbO + C -> Pb + COT PbO + CO -> Pb + CO 2 f PbSiO 3 + CaO + CO -> Pb + CaSiO 3 + CO 2 t The last equation ...

GROUP IV 169 swells because oxygen atoms become attached to some of the carbon atoms in the rings and distend the layer structur ...

170 GROUP IV tin gives a solution of tin(II) chloride, there being no further oxida- tion to the + 4 oxidation state : Sn + 2HCl ...

GROUP IV 171 THE REACTIONS WITH ALKALIS Carbon Carbon does not react, even with molten alkali. Silicon and germanium Silicon a ...

172 GROUP IV Silicon Silicon burns when heated in air to red heat giving silicon dioxide, SiO 2. Several crystalline forms of Si ...

GROUP IV 173 common acids, alkalis, oxidising and reducing agents. However, all hydrocarbons burn in oxygen, the ultimate produc ...

174 GROUP IV H H H Ethene can add on to certain metal salts ; it is believed that the extra electrons of the double bond can be ...

GROUPIV 175 Cyclic hydrocarbons Carbon also forms numerous cyclic hydrides of which benzene, QH 6. is a well-known example. This ...