Jews and Judaism in World History
whose anti-Jewish policies won support from bishops. In need of liquid capital to subdue the feudal barons, in 1181 he arrested ...
Jews of Spain. Spain was, after all, the meeting point of Islam and Christendom – two very different situations. It should be no ...
or Christian benefactors no longer needed them as supporters in the struggle against their Christian or Muslim adversaries. The ...
it was attributed pseudonymously to Simon bar Yochai, a disciple of Rabbi Akiva. This text, a commentary on the Torah and a reca ...
Already during the second half of the thirteenth century, signs of precari- ousness began to appear. In 1273, for example, when ...
On the other hand, the synagogue was defined as a legal house of worship. Christians were prohibited from desecrating synagogues ...
Christendom over Islam. Previously, the specter of Islam as a more powerful force than Christendom deterred the mass of Jews fro ...
In any case, the chronic presence of crypto-Jews eventually convinced Ferdinand and Isabella that the source of this infidelity ...
The two and half centuries from 1492 to around 1750 were characterized by developments in the world of Christendom and Islam tha ...
diversity and an emerging uniformity. Jewish communal leaders faced the challenge of maintaining a sense of unity amid this tens ...
Jewish mysticism came to be known, exhibited a deep preoccupation with determining when the Messiah would arrive and hastening t ...
The dominant form of Islam in the Ottoman Empire at this time, the Hanafi brand of Sunni Islam, emphasized and encouraged the us ...
network of communal institutions. The Jewish population of Salonika became one of the most diverse in the world. By 1553, there ...
refuge in Italy. Those who settled in the south soon had to relocate again when Spain conquered southern Italy and extended the ...
the Christian Hebraists of the thirteenth century who learned Hebrew in order to attack rabbinic texts, Christian Kabbalists ini ...
the tax revenue and commercial benefits provided by Jewish subjects and without creating a conversoproblem. As a physical and le ...
In Italy, the fate of Jews was often tied to the fate of a particular ruling house. In Tuscany, Jews were expelled along with th ...
Luther’s condemnation exceeded that of his contemporaries. For their part, Jews were not passive onlookers during these tumultuo ...
Events during the 1550s were indicative of this narrowing toleration of Jews. In 1552, a request by a Venetian Jewish publisher ...
As sovereigns’ need for money peaked during the Thirty Years War, toler- ation of Jews increased. Emperor Ferdinand II (1619–37) ...
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