Jews and Judaism in World History
the decision not to expel the Jews reflected a larger economic-driven toleration of non-Catholics that had allowed thousands of ...
Jewish communal education. The children of court Jews studied secular in addition to Jewish subjects, and education was provided ...
For Hobbes, the solution to this awful situation was a social contract in which individuals cede some of their autonomy and free ...
empire was dissolved in 1804. The Habsburgs were pious Catholics whose deep immersion in the mentality of the Counter-Reformatio ...
women who married illegally were subject to physical punishment and expulsion. Nobles or towns that violated this law were subje ...
magnates, in turn, offered favorable conditions to potential settlers of all kinds, including Jews, in order to rebuild commerce ...
Non-Reformation Europe: the Jews of Poland Jews who lived in those parts of Europe that were less affected by the Reformation, C ...
adherents of Eastern Orthodox denominations, and Jews. Like the Ottoman Empire, Poland was a land with multiple religious faiths ...
Jews who immigrated to Poland from central Europe turned culturally inward, expanding the religious culture they had brought wit ...
permitted. In addition, the council had a coterie of shtadlanim, which could be dispatched to Warsaw or Kraków in times of emerg ...
More sophisticated were two genres of texts that were written for women to recite in the synagogue or at home. The Tzeena urenaw ...
boiled over in the form of a Cossack attack on Jews in Poltava, in which 200 Jews were killed and several synagogues destroyed. ...
of Jews that would eventually culminate in the migration of more than 2 mil- lion Jews from eastern Europe to America at the end ...
Jews as the cataclysmic event that, according to rabbinic tradition, would precede the arrival of the Messiah; thus, the ground ...
with rabbinic literature, he studied the Zohar in Egypt. He married twice, in 1646 and 1650, but was unable to consummate either ...
Paul had to justify believing in a Messiah who died on the cross, Sabbateans had to justify the Messiah who converts to another ...
which point Emden, with the permission of the Jewish community, pored over Eybeschütz’s manuscripts and private correspondence, ...
to Judaism. According to Scholem, the Donmeh numbered around 200 fami- lies. They were honored by Nathan of Gaza for their piety ...
A herem(excommunication) issued against Frank in 1756 provoked perse- cution of members of the Donmeh. At this point, the rabbis ...
like Jacob Sassportas, Moses Hajiz, and Jacob Emden whose first response to any unusual expression of Judaism was to censure and ...
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