untitled

G. graminis var.avenae(Fig. 12.17). These spores would not have sufficient nutrient reserves to infect if they had to compete wi ...

damage to the fruit surface during processing and packing can create portals for entry of decay fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Penicil ...

of Chaetomiumand Thermomycesresulted in a 2700 mg weight loss. The interpretation of even simple experiments like these is diffi ...

Howell, C.R., Stipanovic, R.D. & Lumsden, R.D. (1993) Antibiotic production by strains of Gliocladium virensand its relation ...

Chapter 13 Fungal symbiosis This chapter is divided into the following major sections: the major types of symbiosis involving f ...

The major types of symbiosis involving fungi Mycorrhizas Under agricultural field conditions, plants do not, strictly speaking, ...

culture, away from their host plants, so they are considered to be wholly dependent on plants for their carbon and energy source ...

Fig. 13.1The principal features of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, observed by clearing the root tissues with strong alkali a ...

organic matter. They absorb phosphate in excess of requirements and store it in the form of polyphosphates, which can then be re ...

Ectotrophic mycorrhizas Ectotrophic mycorrhizas, or ectomycorrhizas, are found mainly on woody plants, including many species of ...

and stumpy, with no root hairs. An extensive network of individual hyphae or aggregated mycelial cords (see Fig. 5.12) radiates ...

Fig. 13.6The fruitbodies (basidio- carps) of some representative fungi that form ectomycorrhizas with forest trees. (a) Hebeloma ...

and Basidiomycota. So, the ectomycorrhizal fungi seem to be ecologically adapted to grow as symbionts. They seldom show a high d ...

as former mining sites where trees are planted for land reclamation. In fact, this role is not restricted to the cord-forming fu ...

and these must be colonized by a fungus at an early stage or the seedling will die. The fungi in these cases are species of Rhiz ...

their lives – they remain entirely dependent on the mycorrhizal fungus. Monotropoid mycorrhizas Plants of the family Monotropace ...

Some have been grown in laboratory culture, but they grow very slowly and they lack the enzymes necessary for degrading organic ...

FUNGAL SYMBIOSIS 269 Fig. 13.12Two foliose lichens. (a) Lobaria pulmonaria(lungwort), which grows on tree trunks in unpolluted p ...

Fig. 13.14Squamulose lichens, commonly found on peaty soils. The squamules of Cladoniaspp (a) are small, green, scale-like struc ...

Physiology of lichens: water relations and nutrient exchange Many lichens will tolerate prolonged drought and resume activity ra ...