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of chitinaseand ββ-1,3-glucanasewhich can degrade fungal walls. Clearly, this cascade of cellular responses creates a hostile en ...

Systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance Earlier in this chapter, we noted that plants can respond to attack ...

plant will suffer no significant damage. But if the host response is slow the fungus can progressively colonize the vessels, cau ...

clays of short-life soils. This has been linked to a higher population of antagonistic bacteria, because montmorillonite clays h ...

Fusariumwilt-suppressive soils The terms “long-life” and “short-life” for Fusarium wilt-suppressive soils have now been replaced ...

gene-for-gene relationshiptypical of biotrophic plant pathogens, discussed later in this chapter. Smut fungi The smut fungi are ...

Fungal endophytes and their toxins In recent years the leaves and roots of many types of plant have been shown to harbor fungi t ...

root rots(e.g. P. cinnamomi, a major pathogen of the root tips of avocado trees, and of Eucalyptusvegeta- tion in Australia); c ...

began to spread across most potato-growing regions of the world, presumably as a result of international trade, and this has led ...

death of these shrubs. This disease is now spreading on ornamental rhododendrons and viburnums in tree nurseries across Europe. ...

Whenever a fungus invades an area of natural veget- ation it is likely that the fungus has been introduced from elsewhere, becau ...

economically important species, especially in North America. It also displays all of the typical sporing stages of rust fungi. B ...

Uredospores (dikaryotic) Aeciospores Spermogonia Spermatia Basidiospores haploid stage Meiosis Nuclear fusion Teliospores Repeat ...

type and transfer the nucleus through a pore in the wall. This nucleus then divides and migrates through the monokaryotic hyphae ...

Fig. 14.24Powdery mildew of cereals, caused by Blumeria graminis(Ascomycota). (a) Wheat leaves with typical mildew symptoms. (b) ...

haustorial biotrophs but then kill the host tissues and spread within them as necrotrophs (e.g. P. infestanson potato and P. soj ...

Lucas, J.A. (1998) Plant Pathology and Plant Pathogens, 3rd edn. Blackwell Science, Oxford. Manners, J.G. (1993) Principles of P ...

Chapter 15 Fungal parasites of insects and nematodes This chapter is divided into the following major sections: insect-pathogen ...

Table 15.1Some common fungi that parasitize insects and other arthropods. Parasitic fungus Hosts Metarhizium anisopliae Many: Le ...

environments, but it has a relatively high temperature optimum for growth, so its use as a biological control agent is restricte ...